Resíduos industriais como substratos alternativos para a produção de biossurfactantes para aplicação na remoção de poluentes ambientais gerados pela indústria de petróleo

Abstract

Surfactants are amphipathic powerful agents with application in various industries like oil industries, food, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Several biosurfactants have been produced, but few are marketed due to the high cost of production and especially in relation to use of substrates and purification processes. In this sense, the use of industrial waste, corn steep liquor and residual canola oil frying, as alternative substrates for the production of a Pseudomonas cepacia CCT6659 biosurfactant was assessed in order to apply the environmental area, concentrations of constituents in the medium were studied using one central composite rotational design (DCCR) as a statistical tool to reduce surface tension. The biosurfactant produced in medium consisting of 3% corn steep liquor, cooking oil (canola) 2% NaNO3, and 0.2% reduced the surface tension to 26 mN / m after 60 hours under agitation of 250 rpm. In the study of the kinetics observed that the production of the biosurfactant was associated with cellular growth. The isolated biosurfactant yield was 8.0 g / L. The properties of the isolated biosurfactant were investigated and their CMC calculated. A preliminary biochemical characterization revealed the nature of the anion and glicolipídica biosurfactant. The biosurfactant was able to emulsify 90% engine oil and demonstrated stability during exposure to high temperatures (120 ° C for 15 minutes), high salt concentrations (12% NaCl) and in a wide pH range (2-12). Tests performed with crude biosurfactant showed no toxicity against the brine shrimp Artemia salina and two species of cabbage Brassica oleracea. The crude biosurfactant was also efficient in the removal of 75% of motor oil adsorbed on samples of sand and 65% oil dispersion, besides being able to remove 90% of the oil adhered to the solid surface. The results demonstrate the potential of biosurfactant for application in the oil industry, oil recovery, cleaning storage tanks and remediation of oil spills on land and water.