A responsabilidade individual no âmbito da justiça como equidade de John Rawls.
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A presente dissertação pretende investigar a relação entre uma das mais proeminentes teorias de justiça distributiva, a Justiça como Equidade de John Rawls, e o
conceito ético de responsabilidade moral individual. Mais precisamente, o estudo pretende demonstrar que a teoria rawlsiana encontrou problemas ao acomodar a
responsabilidade individual no seu seio, além de apontar também para outros exemplos de justiça distributiva que realizaram esta acomodação de forma mais
exitosa. Para alcançar tais objetivos, o trabalho divide-se em três capítulos: no primeiro, será apresentada a teoria de justiça distributiva de Rawls conforme sua
versão original presente na sua obra seminal Uma Teoria da Justiça, abordando-se sua linha argumentativa desde a construção de uma alternativa ao utilitarismo até a
definição dos seus princípios de justiça; para o segundo capítulo, a noção de responsabilidade moral e sua evolução através do pensamento filosófico ocidental
será primeiramente abordada, depois avaliada em seu impacto sobre uma visão geral de justiça distributiva e, por fim, como o conceito é acomodado na teoria
rawlsiana especificamente; no último, duas outras teorias de justiça distributiva - a teoria da titularidade de Robert Nozick e o igualitarismo de fortuna de Ronald
Dworkin – são indicadas e justificadas como soluções mais bem sucedidas de posicionamento da responsabilidade moral em seus argumentos. A metodologia
utilizada durante o desenvolvimento proposto adotará a pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo comparativo entre as principais obras dos autores citados – Uma Teoria da
Justiça, Anarquia, Estado e Utopia e a Virtude Soberana – além de diversos artigos em língua inglesa acerca da responsabilidade moral e da justiça distributiva, em
especial os de autoria de Richard Arneson e publicados pelas universidades de Oxford e Cambridge. Espera-se, a título de conclusão, demonstrar que Rawls não foi
suficientemente capaz de introduzir a responsabilidade individual na sua Justiça como Equidade sem encontrar alguma contradição no desenvolver do seu
argumento.
This dissertation aims to investigate the relationship between one of the most prominent theories of distributive justice, John Rawls’s Justice as Fairness, and the ethical concept of individual moral responsibility. More precisely, the study aims to demonstrate that Rawlsian theory has encountered problems in accommodating individual responsibility within it, and also to point to other examples of distributive justice that have made this accommodation more successfully. In order to achieve these objectives, the work is divided into three chapters: in the first, Rawls’ theory of distributive justice will be presented in its original version in his seminal work A Theory of Justice, addressing his line of argument from the construction of an alternative to utilitarianism to the definition of his principles of justice; for the second chapter, the notion of moral responsibility and its evolution through western philosophical thought will first be addressed, then evaluated in its impact on a general vision of distributive justice and, finally, how the concept is accommodated in Rawlsian theory specifically; in the last, two other theories of distributive justice - Robert Nozick’s theory of entitlement and Ronald Dworkin’s egalitarianism of fortune - are indicated and justified as more successful solutions for positioning moral responsibility in their arguments. The methodology used during the proposed development will adopt bibliographical research and a comparative study of the main works of the authors mentioned - A Theory of Justice, Anarchy, State and Utopia and Sovereign Virtue - as well as various articles in English on moral responsibility and distributive justice, especially those written by Richard Arneson and published by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. In conclusion, we hope to demonstrate that Rawls was not sufficiently able to introduce individual responsibility into his Justice as Fairness without finding some contradiction in the development of his argument.
This dissertation aims to investigate the relationship between one of the most prominent theories of distributive justice, John Rawls’s Justice as Fairness, and the ethical concept of individual moral responsibility. More precisely, the study aims to demonstrate that Rawlsian theory has encountered problems in accommodating individual responsibility within it, and also to point to other examples of distributive justice that have made this accommodation more successfully. In order to achieve these objectives, the work is divided into three chapters: in the first, Rawls’ theory of distributive justice will be presented in its original version in his seminal work A Theory of Justice, addressing his line of argument from the construction of an alternative to utilitarianism to the definition of his principles of justice; for the second chapter, the notion of moral responsibility and its evolution through western philosophical thought will first be addressed, then evaluated in its impact on a general vision of distributive justice and, finally, how the concept is accommodated in Rawlsian theory specifically; in the last, two other theories of distributive justice - Robert Nozick’s theory of entitlement and Ronald Dworkin’s egalitarianism of fortune - are indicated and justified as more successful solutions for positioning moral responsibility in their arguments. The methodology used during the proposed development will adopt bibliographical research and a comparative study of the main works of the authors mentioned - A Theory of Justice, Anarchy, State and Utopia and Sovereign Virtue - as well as various articles in English on moral responsibility and distributive justice, especially those written by Richard Arneson and published by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. In conclusion, we hope to demonstrate that Rawls was not sufficiently able to introduce individual responsibility into his Justice as Fairness without finding some contradiction in the development of his argument.
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SIEBRA, Leonardo José da Costa. A responsabilidade individual no âmbito da justiça como equidade de John Rawls. 2025. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia. Mestrado em Filosofia, Recife, 2025.
