Desenvolvimento de Processos Ambientais

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Formulação de um cosmético ecofriendly inovador para animais de estimação (pets) contendo biossurfactante.
(UNICAP, 2025-08-05) Cavalcanti, Ana Paula Barbosa
Atualmente, o desenvolvimento de processos ecológicos está direcionando as pesquisas para obtenção de novos compostos verdes, na tentativa de reduzir a dependência de recursos fósseis. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento de cosméticos sustentáveis, ou biocosméticos, tem sido cada vez mais explorada. Diante da perspectiva de fornecer um cosmético inovador para o crescente mercado de animais de estimação (Pets), este trabalho propôs o desenvolvimento de um xampu sólido (em barra) inovador, para uso em Pets, formulado exclusivamente com ingredientes naturais, incluindo um surfactante microbiano como tensoativo da formulação. Nesse sentido, um biossurfactante foi inicialmente produzido pela levedura Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214 cultivada em meio mineral contendo 10% de óleo de soja, 5% de glicose. O biossurfactante reduziu a tensão superficial da água de 72,0 mN/m para 33,0 mN/m após 8 dias de fermentação, com um rendimento de 53,35 g/L e Concentração Micelar Crítica (CMC) de 1 g/L. O biossurfactante se mostrou um bom emulsificante de óleos usados em formulações cosméticas. O índice HLB (balanço lipofílico-hidrofílico) mostrou a capacidade umectante do biossurfactante e sua tendência de formar emulsões do tipo óleo em água (O/A), com 50% de capacidade espumante. O ensaio de avaliação do potencial irritante indicou que o biossurfactante não induziu resposta irritante. A caracterização do biossurfactante, submetido a análises de FT-IR e RMN demonstrou a natureza glicolipídica e aniônica da biomolécula. Após obtenção do biossurfactante, o mesmo foi utilizado na formulação do xampu sólido, em combinação com outros surfactantes obtidos a partir de matérias-primas renováveis, o cocoil isetionato de sódio, também aniônico, e o coco glucosídeo, não iônico. O amido de milho e o álcool cetoestearílico foram usados para aumentar a viscosidade e a consistência da formulação. Este último também foi adicionado como agente condicionador, juntamente com óleo de côco, manteiga de Karité, glicerina, lactato de sódio e vitamina E, todos com efeito nutritivo e antioxidante. O lactato de sódio também foi utilizado como estabilizante e regulador do pH da formulação. O caprililglicol foi adicionado como conservante. Após o processo de obtenção do xampu, conduzido em cinco etapas pela mistura dos ingredientes agrupados de acordo com suas características, em banho aquecido sob agitação constante (150-250 rpm) e controle de temperatura (35-85ºC), as amostras do xampu foram moldadas e submetidas a diferentes análises. O pH foi monitorado ao longo de 20 dias e manteve-se estável, na faixa de 6,5-7,0, com baixo nível de umidade (9%), e sem alcalinidade livre. O xampu solido apresentou 50% capacidade espumante e excelente conteúdo em sólidos (96,5%). O processo de lavagem de pelos de Pets sujos com sebo artificial demonstrou que o xampu foi capaz de remover 85% da gordura retida, deixando os pelos brilhosos e macios. A análise microbiológica não mostrou crescimento de unidades formadoras de colônias, bolores e leveduras. As amostras do xampu foram analisadas mensalmente, durante 6 meses, apresentando coloração estável, fragrância suave, coesão, ausência de rachaduras e aparência uniforme, além de uma rigidez aceitável na sua estrutura. O xampu também demonstrou baixo potencial de irritação ocular. A avaliação preliminar dos custos da formulação possibilitou o cálculo do preço do produto, que se mostrou abaixo dos preços praticados nas formulações líquidas tradicionalmente encontradas no mercado para Pets. Tendo em vista que não há nenhum produto similar no mercado, o xampu sólido produzido nesta pesquisa se mostra como uma inovação tecnológica e ambientalmente compatível, na medida em que é inédita, eficiente, natural e atóxica, e contribui com a redução do uso de embalagens plásticas e com o consumo de água.
Desenvolvimento e validação de um método estequiométrico para quantificação de fases minerais em gessos comerciais.
(UNICAP, 2025-07-28) Pinto, Adriana Adrielle Lima
A desidratação térmica da gipsita (CaSO₄·2H₂O) é o principal processo industrial responsável pela produção de gesso comercial, com formação de diferentes fases minerais — di-hidrato, semi-hidrato (CaSO₄·0,5H₂O) e anidrita (CaSO₄) — em função das condições de calcinação. Considerando que essas fases impactam diretamente propriedades como o tempo de pega e a trabalhabilidade do produto, este trabalho teve como objetivo propor e validar um modelo estequiométrico para estimar a composição mineralógica do gesso produzido no Polo Gesseiro do Araripe (PGA), com base na composição química da gipsita e no teor de água de hidratação das amostras de gesso. Foram desenvolvidas equações algébricas fundamentadas na análise da perda de água durante a reação de desidratação, as quais permitiram a quantificação das fases em amostras comerciais. Um algoritmo foi implementado em linguagem Python para automatizar os cálculos e foi aplicado em sete amostras comerciais, entre gessos de revestimento e fundição. Os teores médios de semi-hidrato encontrados foram de 82,34% nos gessos de revestimento e 86,12% nos de fundição. A presença de anidrita nos gessos de revestimento foi associada a um maior tempo de pega. A comparação entre os resultados obtidos por simulação (Python) e análise térmica (DTG) revelou variações inferiores a 2,1%, demonstrando a robustez do modelo. A metodologia desenvolvida se mostra promissora para fins de controle de qualidade e otimização da produção industrial de gesso.
Protótipo de sensores eletroquímicos, em fluxo, modificados com nanotubos de carbono para determinação de pesticidas.
(UNICAP, 2024-12-20) Silva, Tallys Antonio da
Os sensores eletroquímicos, devido à sua capacidade de converter informações químicas em sinais elétricos mensuráveis, são amplamente utilizados em diversas áreas, incluindo a análise ambiental. A incorporação de nanotubos de carbono aos eletrodos confere aos sensores uma série de vantagens, como maior área superficial, condutividade elétrica elevada e capacidade de interação com diversas moléculas, o que resulta em uma sensibilidade e seletividade aprimoradas na detecção de analitos. A utilização da técnica de impressão 3D na fabricação dos sensores permite a customização dos dispositivos, a produção em larga escala e a redução dos custos, tornando-os mais acessíveis para aplicações em campo. Além disso, a natureza descartável dos sensores minimiza o risco de contaminação cruzada e facilita a sua utilização em diferentes locais. O desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos, especialmente aqueles modificados com nanotubos de carbono, representa um avanço significativo na área de análise ambiental. A capacidade de detectar e quantificar resíduos de pesticidas em diversas matrizes, de forma rápida e precisa, é crucial para garantir a segurança alimentar e proteger o meio ambiente. A combinação de eletrodos com nanotubos de carbono confere aos sensores uma série de vantagens, como alta sensibilidade, seletividade e estabilidade, tornando-os ferramentas poderosas para a análise de compostos orgânicos complexos. A miniaturização e a portabilidade são tendências promissoras nessa área, permitindo a criação de dispositivos portáteis capazes de realizar análises in situ, ou seja, no local onde a amostra é coletada. Essa característica é particularmente interessante para o monitoramento ambiental em tempo real, permitindo a identificação de contaminações de forma rápida e eficiente. Além disso, a integração de diferentes sensores em um único dispositivo, formando sensores multiparamétricos, permite a detecção simultânea de diversos contaminantes, otimizando o processo de análise. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise do Gráfico 3D das DPVs (com correção da linha de base) de 20 mmol L⁻¹ de Endrin em função do pH.  = 5 mV s⁻¹. em função do pH que está classificado entre 4 e 5 na parte ácida. Esses novos materiais podem levar ao desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos com desempenho ainda superior, capazes de detectar concentrações cada vez menores de pesticidas e de identificar compostos com estruturas mais complexas. Além disso, a padronização dos métodos de análise e a validação dos resultados são essenciais para garantir a confiabilidade dos dados obtidos. Entretanto, os sensores eletroquímicos modificados com nanotubos de carbono apresentam um grande potencial para a detecção de resíduos de pesticidas, contribuindo para a construção de um futuro mais sustentável e seguro.
Manifestações patológicas existentes em unidades de saúde da cidade de Olinda-PE.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-06-30) Dutra, Artur Pereira; Monteiro, Eliana Cristina Barreto; Silva, Ângelo Just da Costa e; Berenguer, Romildo Alves
Sem resumo em língua estrangeira.
Produção de compostos bioativos para aplicação na remoção de óleo e avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-02-17) Silva, Yali Alves da; Sarubbo, Leonie Asfora; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4691045388698504; Luna, Juliana Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9639390315407311; Rufino, Raquel Diniz; Silva, Thayse Alves de Lima e
Não possui resumo em língua estrangeira.
Produção e aplicação de biossurfactante de Starmerella bombicola ATCC 222214 no tratamento de efluente e sistemas contaminados com petroderivados.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-02-25) Oliveira, Kaio Wêdann de; Silva, Rita de Cássia Freire Soares da; Sarubbo, Leonie Asfora; Rufino, Raquel Diniz; Durval, Italo José Batista
Fuel and lubricating oil spills that occur in industries during the refueling of machines, storage tanks and the washing of tanks and equipment are the main causes of the accumulation of petroleum derivatives in the environment. Due to human activities, petroleum derivative spills are among the main causes of soil and water pollution, causing drastic changes in the microbiological, chemical and physical properties of the soil and surface. Thus, the application of natural surfactants emerges as an attractive and efficient solution among the innovative technologies for cleaning oil storage tanks and for the treatment of contaminated soils and industrial effluents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the production and application of a biosurfactant produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola ATCC 222214, in the decontamination of marine and terrestrial environments contaminated by oil. The production of the biosurfactant by the yeast was evaluated by observing the effect of different carbon/nitrogen sources and culture conditions in flasks. The removal power of hydrophobic compounds by the action of the biosurfactant in different types of soils (clayey and silty) and standard sand was evaluated. The destabilization power of heavy oil OCB1, diesel and engine oil on smooth surfaces, as well as the removal capacity of oil from industrial effluent by the biosurfactant were studied. From the most promising surfactant properties, the culture medium supplemented with 2.0% glucose and 5.0% glycerol, the speed of 200 rpm, the fermentation time of 180 hours and the inoculum size of 5.0% were selected. The yield of the isolated biosurfactant was 1.5 g/L. The emulsification rates of engine oil and diesel oil were 86.6 ± 0.22% and 51.7 ± 0.15%, respectively, indicating affinity of the biomolecule for complex hydrocarbons. In stability tests performed at different pH values, temperature and NaCl concentration, the surface tension ranged from 25.82 to 32.30 mN/m. The Critical Micellar Concentration (CMC) was 0.4 g/L, at which concentration the surface tension reached 26.85 mN/m. In the kinetic tests, the biosurfactant removed 82.48 ± 0.12, 97.61 ± 0.01 and 99.01 ± 0.02% of the engine oil adsorbed on sand, silty soil and clayey soil, while in the static test in packed columns the removals were 72.05 ± 0.80, 96.87 ± 0.30 and 99.50 ± 0.03%, respectively. The biosurfactant produced in this study proved to be a promising agent for environmental remediation applications in the oil and energy sector, as well as in industrial areas contaminated by oil and derivatives.
Decantador contínuo separador água-óleo com camada líquida coalescente assistido por ultrassom.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-02-24) Melo, Myrella Rayane do Nascimento; Benachour, Mohand; Santos, Valdemir Alexandre dos; Oliveira, Joaquim Teodoro Romão de; Bezerra, Jair de Lima
Industrial and transportation processes have significantly contributed to the pollution of water resources with oils, creating an environmental liability known as oily waters. To mitigate adverse environmental impacts, innovative technologies have been developed, highlighting systems for separating free water and oil, as well as water and oil in emulsion. API-type decanters are often used for the separation of free water and oil, generally acting as a secondary phase in the separation process. These systems can operate with or without the use of coalescent plates. However, they face significant challenges when operated in a horizontal configuration with forced flow in the absence of plates. In this study, the efficacy of using the oily phase as a coalescent layer, aided by 40 kHz, 80 kHz e 120 kHz ultrasound, was evaluated in a horizontal benchtop prototype, operating under different Reynolds numbers of turbulence. Experiments conducted with synthetic effluents composed of free water and oil revealed that, with the application of ultrasound and for Reynolds numbers up to 5000, the prototype maintains the fluid coalescent layer stable and effectively retains oil, reducing the drag of free oil droplets by up to twice compared to operation without ultrasonic assistance. For Reynolds numbers above 5000, although complications were observed, these were substantially less than those verified in the configuration without ultrasound. The superior performance of the prototype with an ultrasound-assisted coalescent layer suggests that future control strategies could be developed to ensure the stability of this layer, enabling the adoption of these equipment as the main stage in commercial free water/oil separation systems.
Bagaço de malte como biossorvente para remoção de contaminantes hidrofóbicos e metais pesados de efluente.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-02-24) Chagas, João Vitor da Silva; Sarubbo, Leonie Asfora; Rufino, Raquel Diniz; Luna, Juliana Moura de; Durval, ltalo José Batista
The improper disposal of industrial effluents is a growing environmental concern, as these wastes often contain pollutants capable of causing significant damage to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Industrial sectors generate effluents with toxic substances, such as heavy metals and petroleum derivatives, which, without proper treatment, compromise the quality of water, soil, and biodiversity. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the removal profile of petroleum derivatives and heavy metals from effluents using malt bagasse. The removal percentages of the hydrophobic pollutant and heavy metals present in synthetic effluent were determined through a full factorial design 2³, considering independent variables such as particle size, the amount of malt bagasse, and the oil concentration in the synthetic effluent. The incubation time (96, 144, and 288 hours) did not significantly influence the removal, indicating that this variable is not relevant to the process. After this stage, a test was conducted to determine the genotoxicity profile of the synthetic effluent using the plant *Allium cepa*, before and after the biosorption process with malt bagasse. The results showed that within 24 hours, 76% of the oily contaminant was biosorbed, along with approximately 67% of the heavy metals evaluated (copper and lead) present in the synthetic effluent. Genotoxicity tests demonstrated the absence of micronucleus formation in plant cells, indicating a reduction in the toxicity profile of the effluent containing the studied contaminants. Therefore, it can be concluded that malt bagasse is a promising alternative for treating environmental pollutants, as it is a low-cost agro-industrial residue with high added value. Its adsorbent properties enable its application in contaminant removal, representing a sustainable and economically viable solution for mitigating environmental impacts.
Desenvolvimento de um compósito de gesso e resíduos de poda de árvores aditivado com baba de cupim sintética para produção de pré-moldados.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-03-10) Silva Júnior, Alcides Miguel da; Santos, Valdemir Alexandre dos; Fernandes, Sérgio Murilo Maciel; Oliveira, Joaquim Teodoro Romão de; Dantas, Carlos Costa
In conventional construction, the traditional method uses masonry and requires on-site preparation of mortar for laying, generating waste that leads to economic and environmental impacts, delays in project execution, material waste, and imprecision, thus affecting the sustainability of construction. Projects that employ drywall construction technology present a lower structural weight, shorter execution time, and lower costs compared to masonry structures. This research develops an innovative composite for precast panels, combining beta gypsum, tree pruning residues, and a synthesized substance similar to "termite saliva." The objective is to create a sustainable material with improved mechanical strength and moisture resistance. Second-order polynomial regression models confirmed the predictive quality of the adjustments, with coefficients of determination (R²) ranging from 77.55% to 83.05%, with the compressive strength model being the most robust. These results validate the adopted approach and provide a solid foundation for future refinements in the development of composites for precast applications.
Prospecção de corrosão microbiana em concreto armado na presença e ausência de salinidade.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-03-25) Costa, Itamar Victor de Lima; Takaki, Galba Maria Campos; Monteiro, Eliana Cristina Barreto; Silva, Angelo Just da Costa e; Berenguer, Romildo Alves
Concrete has coarse and fine aggregates in its composition and can be reinforced with steel bars; thus, it is called reinforced concrete. It was believed that concrete was indestructible, however, over the years, it was realized that aggressive agents present in the atmospHere attacked the structures, corroding the reinforcement and causing several problems in constructions. It was discovered that bacteria also have the ability to corrode metal alloys through a process called microbially induced corrosion (MIC). Sulfate-reducing, sulfur-oxidizing, iron-oxidizing and nitrate-reducing bacteria stand out in biocorrosion research. In this sense, we present the bacteria of the Bacillus group, which can be found in the most varied environments, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, which have several studies in the literature demonstrating their corrosive potential. Both are bacteria that precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCo3) and for this reason are used in self-healing concrete. However, there are no studies investigating the possibility of these bacteria inducing corrosion in steel bars in reinforced concrete in a saline environment, which opens the way for this investigation and prospecting.
Estratégia de recuperação de área de manguezal através de indução ao crescimento e viveiros IN SITU.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-07-05) Urtiga, Sebastião Pereira; Cunha, Luiz Vital Fernandes Cruz da; Almeida, Sérgio Mendonça de; Nascimento, Raphael Fonseca do; Chaves, Leonardo da Silva
Mangrove ecosystems are of great importance due to their rich biodiversity and vital role in protecting coastal zones and sustaining riverside communities. In Brazil, these ecosystems stretch along 6,800 km of coastline, covering nine states in the Northeast. They are inhabited by species such as Rhizophora mangle (Red Mangrove), Laguncularia racemosa (White Mangrove), and Avicennia schaueriana (Black Mangrove or Canoé), which have unique adaptations to survive in flooded environments subject to tides. Indiscriminate deforestation of mangroves has led to the degradation of these ecosystems, prompting efforts for their recovery. This work proposes the restoration of degraded areas in Bayeux, Paraíba, through the planting of seedlings of the mentioned species, as well as the development of an in situ seedling production method involving the participation of the riverside community. The objectives of the study include evaluating mangrove recovery strategies using low-cost, in situ germination box systems. Specific objectives are to demonstrate the floating germination box system, compare its effectiveness with fixed-ground germination boxes for different mangrove species, and determine growth models for seedling production planning. Preliminary results show that the tested germination box models yield promising results, especially the floating ones, suitable for seedling production in small areas. However, fixed-ground models demonstrated higher germination and growth rates. The Gompertz Growth Model proved useful for production planning and resource allocation in this context. These recovery efforts are essential to protect and preserve mangroves, ensuring their long-term ecological and socio-economic significance.
Estratégias de avaliação dos efeitos de metais pesados (cádmio e chumbo) e biossurfactante na fisiologia da germinação de sementes de Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-09-27) Alves, Jessyca Camilla Bandeira; Fernandes, Josimar Gurgel; Takaki, Galba Maria de Campos; Andrade, Rosileide Fontenele da Silva; Araújo, Helvia Waleska Casullo de
The environment faces considerable challenges related to forms of life, from animals, humans and plants, including compromising the food chain. Thus, the high concentration of heavy metals in the soil has been causing severe impacts to plants, mainly affecting leaves and seeds. In this context, the initial studies were aimed at evaluating the potential of the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens UCP 1514, Bacillus cereus UCP 1528, Bacillus subtilis UCP 1602 and Enterobacter cloacae UCP 1597 against concentrations of cadmium and lead, in compliance with the bioremediation process of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench. Thus, the degree of resistance to heavy metals by bacteria was evaluated. The results obtained indicated that the bacteria B. cereus UCP 1528 and B. subtilis are more resistant to high concentrations of cadmium and lead than the Gram-negative bacteria E. cloacae UCP 1597 and P. fluorescens UCP 1514. This information was confirmed by the literature. and form part of a book chapter. Other investigations were carried out with the objective of evaluating the physiological quality of Sorghum bicolor seeds with and without exposure to the heavy metal cadmium at concentrations of 0.5mM and 3mM, through electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity results indicated a proportional increase with increasing cadmium concentration and imbibition times. Studies carried out with the germination of S. bicolor seeds under the action of biosurfactant, a significant increase was observed from the minimum concentration of biosurfactant (1.565% - CMC of 2%) expressing an increase of 35% in the total growth of the germination index (70.46 mm) compared to the control distilled water (51.86 mm) and at maximum concentration (100% - CMC of 2%) the biosurfactant demonstrated an even more pronounced impact resulting in total growth (83.85 mm) with an increase of 61% when compared to the water control group, highlighting the efficiency of this lipopeptide in inducing germination and phytoprotection against cadmium. During germination, it was observed that the biosurfactant and cadmium interaction intensified the phytoprotective effects for radicle development at the concentration (100% - CMC of 2%). Branching and hypocotyl increased in the presence of biosurfactant compared to exposure with cadmium alone. In this sense, the biosurfactant produced by E. cloacae demonstrated to be a stable and efficient biomolecule, playing a crucial role in the germination and phytoprotection of S. bicolor, enabling a promising action in the phytoremediation process and promotion of environmental sustainability, with quality agricultural practices. and security.
Desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para a gestão do patrimônio utilizando modelo integrado de monitoramento ambiental e físico com modelagem 3d.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-08-06) Leal, Ranavalo de Araújo; Monteiro, Eliana Cristina Barreto; Pinto, Roberta Richard; Almeida, Sérgio Mendonça de; Berenguer, Romildo Alves
Heritage conservation management of historic buildings is of great importance to society, as it perpetuates local culture and identity in political, social, economic and urban contexts. However, the major trend in the current Brazilian scenario is historic buildings in severe stages of structural deterioration, especially on their façades, due to pathological manifestations triggered by physical, chemical and biological agents. It is known that heritage restoration processes are costly and require skilled labor. The study will be carried out at the Soledade Palace, where the Museum of Archaeology and Natural Sciences of the Catholic University of Pernambuco is located, in the Boa Vista neighborhood, Recife, Pernambuco. Physical analysis (façade damage maps using the GUT method), environmental (collection and quantitative and pathogenic analysis of microorganisms present on the façades) and modeling (digital photogrammetry to analyze the difficulty of reconstructing deteriorated parts of the façades) studies will be carried out. The facades of the Soledade Palace are suffering greatly from the high incidences of pathological manifestations, biological infestations and multiple occurrences of ornamental deterioration, especially on the south-west facade, the main facade of the building. The level of the historic heritage quality index will worsen qualitatively if urgent revitalization activities do not take place. The aim of the study is to build a new management strategy by obtaining a new integrated method of analysis according to the results of the parameters under study so that it is possible to understand the level of conservation quality of the historic heritage to facilitate the prioritization of decisions made by the manager on structural restoration and façade maintenance activities.
Efeito de eletrodos ultrassônicos na produção de hidrogênio verde.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-03-01) Menezes, Christian Matheus Barbosa de; Santos, Valdemir Alexandre dos; Fernandes, Sérgio Murilo Maciel; Bezerra, Jair de Lima
This study investigates green hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis, using ultrasonic fields to boost process efficiency. Green hydrogen, derived from renewable sources, serves as a vital alternative to lower greenhouse gas emissions and foster energy diversification. The effects of utilizing an ultrasonic electrode in alkaline electrolysis were examined to pinpoint enhancements in green hydrogen production efficiency. A laboratory prototype for low-cost experimental tests was constructed, powered by a set of 4 rechargeable batteries, mimicking a photovoltaic panel's effect. The research utilized a full factorial experimental design 32, testing the prototype's validity and suitable conditions for electrolysis. Conducting experiments with ultrasound (US) at a fixed frequency of 40 kHz and a specific power of 8.9 W/cm³ directly on the cathode of the galvanic cell prototype improved the electrolysis dynamics by up to 28%, including energy efficiency and hydrogen production rate.. These results suggest a potential reduction in overpotential and resistances between the electrolyte and electrodes, making the process more efficient and sustainable. The innovative approach of applying ultrasonic fields in alkaline electrolysis shows significant potential for enhancing green hydrogen production's efficiency and economic viability, contributing to renewable energy solutions and environmental sustainability.
Produção e Aplicação de Biossurfactante Vegetal na Estabilização de Nanopartículas de Prta como Agentes Antibacterianos.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-02-23) Ferreira, Hozana de Souza; Sarubbo, Leonie Asfora; Luna, Juliana Moura; Rufino, Raquel Diniz; Porto, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo
Biosurfactants have been widely explored for their diverse bioactive properties, including the potential to stabilize silver nanoparticles, which can be an alternative to chemical surfactants that are toxic to humans and the environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to extract surfactant molecules from tangerine (Citrus reticulata) residues and evaluate their surfactant and emulsifying properties, testing their potential as a stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and as an antimicrobial agent. For this, three extraction methods were tested, so that the acid-base method was chosen because it enhanced the obtaining of an extract capable of reducing the surface tension of water from 72 to 30 mN/m, with a CMC of 0.7 % and yield of 1.0 g/Kg. Its stability was confirmed after carrying out tests under extreme pH and temperature conditions. The extract was anionic in nature and was not toxic to vegetable seeds and the microcrustacean Artemia salina. The silver nanoparticles synthesized with the extract were identified and characterized through analyzes with ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential. UV/Vis showed a maximum absorption peak at 400-450 nm, characteristic of nanoparticles. SEM microscopy identified the formation of nanoparticles with predominantly spherical morphology featuring sizes in the range of 384-568 nm. The zeta potential was - 86.30 mV, showing that the presence of the biosurfactant promoted stability of the silver nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized with plant biosurfactant was evaluated against pathogenic microorganisms (Echerichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), which proved to be sensitive. Therefore, the biosurfactant extracted from tangerine peel is a promising stabilizer of silver nanoparticles, in addition to having potential as an antimicrobial agent.
Produção de biossurfactante por Candida Bombicola e aplicação em solos contaminados por derivado de petróleo.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2023-02-22) Nascimento, Pollyana Pereira do; Sarubbo, Leonie Asfora; Rufino, Raquel Diniz; Luna, Juliana Moura de; Porto, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo
Increasing environmental contamination has significantly impacted ecosystems. In response to this problem, environmental preservation initiatives and current legislation have driven the development of more sustainable alternatives, such as natural products to replace petroleum derivatives. In this context, biosurfactants are natural detergents that emerge as a promising alternative to replace conventional petroleum-derived products. In this context, biosurfactants are natural detergents that emerge as a promising alternative to replace conventional petroleum-derived products. Faced with this situation, the main objective of this study was to generate biosurfactant through Candida bombicola, using industrial waste aiming at sustainable production. as well as investigating the processes of removing petroleum derivatives from soils. For this, a mineral medium composed of NH4NO3 (0,1%), KH2PO4 (0,02%), MgSO4.7H2O (0,02%), supplemented with 6.0% residue from the vegetable oil industry and 1% glutamic acid. The results indicated that the biosurfactant produced reduced the surface tension of the production medium from 50 mN/m to 30 mN/m, with a yield of 2 g/L in a period of 72 hours of fermentation. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the biosurfactant was 0.03%, and genotoxicity tests demonstrated no adverse effects on onion roots (Allium cepa). Infrared spectroscopy and magnetic resonance analyzes corroborated the observation of the nature of the product obtained. Surface tension stability tests of the raw biosurfactant were conducted under different conditions, including pH variations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10), salinity concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%), temperatures (5°C, 70°C, 100°C and 120°C), and exposure times at 90°C (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 120 minutes). The results demonstrated that the biosurfactant maintained its stability under these varied conditions. Furthermore, the emulsification index after 24 hours (IE24) revealed that the biosurfactant was capable of forming emulsions of up to 95% with burnt engine oil and up to 60% with soybean oil. To evaluate the effectiveness of the biosurfactant in removing engine oil from different types of soil (sandy, silty and clayey), static and dynamic tests were carried out with different concentrations of the biosurfactant (CMC, ½ CMC and 2xCMC). In the static test, the highest percentage of removal was observed in sandy soil, reaching 65.32% removal. In the dynamic test, the highest percentage of removal was 95.60%, using the biosurfactant at a concentration of 2xCMC in both tests. These results highlight the viability and effectiveness of the biosurfactant produced, suggesting its practical application in the environmental recovery of areas contaminated by petroleum derivatives.
Produção ecológica de prodigiosina por Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 e aplicação como corante.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2021-11-19) Silva, Lucas Albuquerque Rosendo da; Rodríguez, Dayana Montero; Takaki, Galba Maria de Campos; Andrade, Rosileide Fontenele da Silva; Araújo, Hélvia Walewska Casullo de
Prodigiosin is a red pigment mainly produced by the Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens, as an intracellular secondary metabolite with wide activity, which can be used in agriculture, fine chemistry and in the pharmaceutical and textile industry. In this work, Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 demonstrated biotechnological potential to produce prodigiosin by converting the renewable substrate corn bran (1%),as the only carbon source and salt solution [KH2PO4, K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O and SO4(NH4)2],after 72 h of incubation at 31°C and orbital shaking at 100 rpm. After this period, it was observed a biomass production of 7.24 g/L and red pigment of 1.68 g/L, identified as prodigiosin, through absorbance at 535 nm, Rf of 0.9 in thin layer chromatography (TLC) and functional groups obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Prodigiosin showed color stability under different NaCl concentrations and pH values (2-6), however, there was a reduction in color at pH 8, 10 and 12, respectively. The application of the pigment in soap coloring was efficient, suggesting its promising potential as a natural dye in the cosmetic industry. From the ecological production of prodigiosin using corn bran, the effect of substrate concentration and pH on pigment yield was investigated by comparing corn bran and soluble starch as substrates, using a full-factorial design 22. The results obtained indicated higher bacterial growth and production of prodigiosin in the design assays with corn bran, however, the highest yield of prodigiosin occurred at the central point (1% of substrate and pH 7.5). The Pareto diagram showed that both variables had a significant influence on the production of prodigiosin, showing efficiency in the conversion of the alternative substrate. The bioprocess to produce prodigiosin and the dyeing with natural dye in cotton and synthetic fibers are part of the registration with the INPI of Registration of intellectual property.
Produção de biossurfactante por Bacillus invictae UCP1617 para formulação de um detergente eco-friendly como aditivo na remediação de petroderivados.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-02-26) Barata, Maria Inez Campello; Almeida, Fabíola Carolina Gomes de; Sarubbo, Leonie Asfora; Rufino, Raquel Diniz; Silva, Rita de Cássia Freire Soares da
Surfactants are amphipathic molecules that reduce surface and interfacial tension between fluid phases, providing detergency, emulsification and phase dispersion. Most surfactants in industrial use are derived from petroleum; however, interest in microbiological surfactants has increased due to the biodegradability and reduced toxicity of these biomolecules. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the production and commercial formulation of a new biosurfactant using the bacterium Bacillus invictae UCP1617. Initially, the production of the biosurfactant was carried out using different combinations of alternative substrates (sugar cane molasses and millet). Then, a complete factorial design was used as a tool to optimize the variables of agitation, temperature, and inoculum size in a mineral medium containing 1.5% corn steep liquor. The best planning condition obtained (agitation of 175 rpm at 28°C and 4% inoculum) was used to scale up biosurfactant production in a 50 L bioreactor. Biosurfactant production in the bioreactor reached a productivity corresponding to 16.70 mg/L/h. The surface tension of the medium was reduced from 69.50 to 30.20 mN/m after 72 hours of fermentation. The biosurfactant was isolated and structurally characterized as a glycolipid and its CMC was determined as 900 mg/L for a surface tension of 29.10 mN/m. The biosurfactant was subjected to stability evaluation under different environmental conditions, being able to form stable emulsions of greater efficiency with engine oil (90.80%) and petroleum (99.00%). The formulation of the biosurfactant to obtain an eco-friendly detergent was carried out with the addition of 0.2% of the stabilizer hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), 5% fatty acid, and 0.2% potassium sorbate, and the commercial product was stored at 28ºC for 90 days. The formulated biosurfactant maintained the stability of its surface tension at various pHs, temperatures, and NaCl concentrations and presented an absence of toxicity proven by the growth of the seeds of the vegetable cabbage Coração-de-Boi (Brassica oleracea) and cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as well as the survival of the microcrustacean Artemia salina. The formulated biosurfactant was able to fully disperse the oil in seawater. When placed in clayey soil contaminated with engine oil, the biosurfactant was able to remove, in 24 hours, 99.21% of the oil contained in the soil when used in its CMC. The formulated biosurfactant removed 98.42% of the oil adhered to the glass surface and removed 75.00% of the hydrophobic compound adsorbed to the porous surface in its CMC. Therefore, the commercial biosurfactant produced by Bacillus invictae UCP1617 demonstrates the feasibility of application as an eco-friendly biotechnological additive for remediation processes that consider the preservation and reduction of environmental impacts on ecosystems.
Compósitos sustentáveis a base de quitosana e resíduos agroindustriais para remoção de fármacos.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2023-12-22) Dantas, Sérgio Selisman Silva; Lima, Marcos Antônio Barbosa de; Andrade, Rosileide Fontenele da Silva; Franco, Luciana de Oliveira
Contamination of water by pharmaceuticals arises from inadequate practices in the disposal of medications and hospital waste, as well as deficiencies in water treatment systems. Adsorption emerges as a promising solution to mitigate these impacts, offering an effective and sustainable approach to combat pollution. Moreover, advocating for the adsorption of pharmaceuticals aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), aiming to ensure sustainable water management and preserve aquatic ecosystems. The use of composites as drug adsorbents (dipyrone, paracetamol, and sodium diclofenac) using chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from chitin, is highlighted. Chitosan, with its functional groups, promotes the adsorption of pollutants, while agro-industrial residues such as coconut husks, sawdust, and coffee grounds confer unique properties to the chitosan composite, enhancing its effectiveness in adsorbing contaminants. These residues can be employed as sustainable raw materials in adsorbent production, supporting sustainability and waste reduction. The primary objective of this study was the development and characterization of sustainable composites based on chitosan and agro-industrial residues (coffee ground powder, coconut husk powder, and sawdust) for the removal of pharmaceuticals from water. Three drugs were studied: dipyrone, paracetamol, and sodium diclofenac. The research also evaluated the efficiency of the composites in drug removal, studying the kinetics and adsorption isotherms. During the research, the adsorption method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the composites in removing drugs such as dipyrone, paracetamol, and diclofenac from aqueous solutions. This method was conducted in two stages: initially, with the three drugs and the four synthesized composites (QGBC, QGPS, QGPC, and QG); subsequently, it focused specifically on paracetamol, which demonstrated the highest removal, and on QGBC, which exhibited the highest drug adsorption capacity. Additionally, the physical and chemical characterization of the composites was performed using techniques such as FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The QGBC composite (Chitosan, glycerol, coffee grounds) stands out, demonstrating an adsorption efficiency of 76%, with emphasis on the paracetamol drug, especially under pH 6 conditions. The QGBC composite also removed a significant amount of the other two drugs compared to the other three composites. The process demonstrated efficiency and sustainability, valorizing agro-industrial substrates and contributing to the reduction of environmental pollution. The production of sustainable composites proved to be simple and economical, with effective drug removal.
Viabilidade técnica, econômica e ambiental de um sistema ultrassônico para tratamento de água de caldeira.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2023-08-03) Pedrosa Junior, Leonildo Pereira; Santos, Valdemir Alexandre dos; Lima, Marcos Antônio Barbosa de; Pappalardo, Juliano Rodrigues
The boiler is a piece of equipment of great importance for industrial processes, which, in addition to being included in production processes, are important in energy generation. The ability to generate steam for such processes requires water with a high degree of purity, a commodity that is becoming less and less today. The water that feeds the boiler needs to undergo treatments and controls in order to avoid its inefficiency, excessive costs and a risk to the safety of the plant that uses it. The water that feeds the boiler needs to undergo treatments and controls in order to avoid its inefficiency, excessive costs and a risk to the safety of the plant that uses it. The ultrasonic boiler feed water treatment system (STUAC), addressed in this study, promotes the separation of salts in the water by the combined humidification-dehumidification effect of a stream of atomized water mixed with hot air. The study aimed to demonstrate the technical, economic and environmental viability of the STUAC, comparing it with a Reverse Osmosis system in boiler water desalination. The EVTEA was implemented with the aid of a Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet. The results showed advantages such as low operation and maintenance costs, similar efficiency (99%), very low residual water content (<1.0%) and the non-use of chemical products in favor of STUAC.

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