Filosofia

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://tede2.unicap.br/handle/tede/1622

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 41

Uma irrupção na moralidade : a trajetória de Immanuel Kant para a fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes.
(UNICAP, 2025-03-28) Pereira, Rodrigo Victor de Souza
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo fundamental investigar a trajetória realizada por Immanuel Kant para chegar à sua primeira obra dedicada à moral, a Fundamentação da Metafísica dos Costumes (1785). A irrupção ocasionada pelo filósofo no âmbito da moralidade, estabeleceu uma nova compreensão da ação moral rompendo com os paradigmas anteriores ao proceder com a busca e fixação do imperativo categórico, estabelecendo, por sua vez, uma ética do dever. Para o desenvolvimento da argumentação, analisaremos o projeto moral kantiano, da caracterização e fundamentação perpassando por aspectos essenciais da sua filosofia moral como a virtude desinteressada, a preocupação com o universal e o seu compromisso com a verdade. Na sequência, propomo-nos explorar de modo aprofundado os “pressupostos dos pressupostos” que fundamentam o seu pensamento moral, esclarecendo sobre o contexto histórico em que ele estava envolvido e como a teodiceia e Rousseau o influenciaram. Por fim, demonstraremos algumas noções preliminares acerca da redação da Fundamentação e qual o seu lugar no contexto da moral de Kant. Deste modo, ao esclarecermos qual o seu objetivo e o seu método, falaremos dos conceitos fundamentais que estruturam essa obra, como o papel da boa vontade, o dever e a questão central de sua filosofia prática que é a derivação do imperativo categórico.
A responsabilidade individual no âmbito da justiça como equidade de John Rawls.
(UNICAP, 2025-07-25) Siebra, Leonardo José da Costa
A presente dissertação pretende investigar a relação entre uma das mais proeminentes teorias de justiça distributiva, a Justiça como Equidade de John Rawls, e o conceito ético de responsabilidade moral individual. Mais precisamente, o estudo pretende demonstrar que a teoria rawlsiana encontrou problemas ao acomodar a responsabilidade individual no seu seio, além de apontar também para outros exemplos de justiça distributiva que realizaram esta acomodação de forma mais exitosa. Para alcançar tais objetivos, o trabalho divide-se em três capítulos: no primeiro, será apresentada a teoria de justiça distributiva de Rawls conforme sua versão original presente na sua obra seminal Uma Teoria da Justiça, abordando-se sua linha argumentativa desde a construção de uma alternativa ao utilitarismo até a definição dos seus princípios de justiça; para o segundo capítulo, a noção de responsabilidade moral e sua evolução através do pensamento filosófico ocidental será primeiramente abordada, depois avaliada em seu impacto sobre uma visão geral de justiça distributiva e, por fim, como o conceito é acomodado na teoria rawlsiana especificamente; no último, duas outras teorias de justiça distributiva - a teoria da titularidade de Robert Nozick e o igualitarismo de fortuna de Ronald Dworkin – são indicadas e justificadas como soluções mais bem sucedidas de posicionamento da responsabilidade moral em seus argumentos. A metodologia utilizada durante o desenvolvimento proposto adotará a pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo comparativo entre as principais obras dos autores citados – Uma Teoria da Justiça, Anarquia, Estado e Utopia e a Virtude Soberana – além de diversos artigos em língua inglesa acerca da responsabilidade moral e da justiça distributiva, em especial os de autoria de Richard Arneson e publicados pelas universidades de Oxford e Cambridge. Espera-se, a título de conclusão, demonstrar que Rawls não foi suficientemente capaz de introduzir a responsabilidade individual na sua Justiça como Equidade sem encontrar alguma contradição no desenvolver do seu argumento.
Hinge propositions e pressuposicionalismo: um confronto entre as epistemologias de Ludwig Wittgenstein e de Cornelius Van Til.
(UNICAP, 2025-06-27) Cardoso, Francisco da Silva
A presente dissertação faz uma caracterização das propostas epistemológicas do filósofo austríaco Ludwig Wittgenstein e do filósofo e teólogo holandês-americano Cornelius Van Til. Especificamente, ela contrapõe as noções fundamentais da chamada Hinge Epistemology, tal como defendida por Wittgenstein, com as noções basilares do Pressuposicionalismo de Van Til, mostrando as convergências e divergências entre esses modelos epistemológicos. Depois de apresentar, nos dois primeiros capítulos, os conceitos principais de cada uma dessas perspectivas epistemológicas, a dissertação encerra-se, mostrando que, no que pesem as convergências, as divergências entre elas são tão intransponíveis, que elas não só são distintas, mas irreconciliáveis, não havendo possibilidade de quaisquer acordos epistêmicos entre elas.
A linguagem privada nas Investigações Filosóficas.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-04-22) Alves, Cleonilson Oliveira; Silva, Eleonoura Enoque da; Costa, Danilo Vaz-Curado Ribeiro De Menezes; Silva Filho, Marcos Antonio da
This dissertation analyzes the argument of private language in Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations in a broad and strict sense. To accomplish this task, it first presents a general characterization of the Philosophical Investigations as style, text and context; and consequently, the delimitative implications of the argument of private language and its theses within the work. In order to achieve this goal, the assistance of renowned national and international Wittgensteinian commentators was taken into account, and foreign literature was mostly used because it contains greater production on the subject in question. The work is composed of three parts, namely: first, it explains Wittgenstein and the Philosophical Investigations, trying to demonstrate in which points the aforementioned work distanced Wittgenstein from the Tractatus and discusses the thematic delimitation of private language within the aforementioned work, and its preliminary arguments; secondly, Wittgenstein is confronted with themes contiguous to the issue of private language with which his arguments are tested on the risk of falling into contradiction and inconsistency; thirdly, Kripke's methodological distinction on the private language argument with the skeptic's paradox in relation to Wittgenstein in the Philosophical Investigations was addressed. Finally, it reaffirms the philosophical consequences of the private language argument both in language and in other fields of knowledge.
A noção aristotélica de causalidade.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-06-27) Oliveira, José Dácio Santos; Luna, José Marcos Gomes de; Costa, Danilo Vaz-Curado R. M.; Imaguire, Guido
In this dissertation, we will try to develop and emphasize the importance of the final cause in the Aristotelian conception. To achieve this goal, we will present the excellence of Aristotle's knowledge of causes in comparison with other forms of knowledge, namely sensation, experience and memory, as well as an analysis of causation in the doctrine of some philosophers who preceded him. We will address Aristotle's critique of his predecessors' understanding of causality, highlighting those who focused on the material cause and those who went beyond it. Next, we will introduce the notion of cause as αἰτία (aitia), a term used by Aristotle to designate cause, the why of a thing in its deepest and broadest sense. We will culminate in the connection between the causes, highlighting the relationship of dependence and interaction between them. We will see that these explain transformations in the world of becoming, both through the doctrine of teleological hylemorphism and the distinction between act and potency. We will emphasize the superiority and importance of the final cause, which, when it is effected (finished), has a differentiated epistemic force, provoking a path of research and explanation of the finished thing and leading to the search for the other causes. At the end of our investigation, we will begin a dialog with Russell, in order to establish continuity in our investigation into the theme of causality.
Philip Pettit, Harry Frankfurt e a Filosofia da Ação: uma crítica ao princípio das possibilidades alternativas (PPA).
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-07-26) Leite, Fúlvio Anderson Pereira; Costa, Danilo Vaz-Curado R. M.; Silva, Eleonora Enoque da; Menk, Tomás Farcic
The philosophy of action investigates the essence of human actions by examining the underlying motivations, the mechanisms of execution, and the ethical implications involved. This field seeks to understand the foundations of human agency by exploring the intricate dynamics of decision-making and action realization. This work presents and analyzes the ethical dilemmas associated with the principle of alternative possibilities (PAP), a philosophical conception that links moral responsibility to freedom of choice. Focusing on this context, this dissertation, of a hermeneutic-bibliographic nature, aims to present the critical argument developed by Harry Frankfurt in opposition to PAP. Divided into two main chapters, the first offers a comprehensive understanding of theories of freedom, highlighting Philip Pettit's contribution to contemporary debates on freedom in the field of action. The theories encompass Rational, Volitional, and Discursive Control, which provide a comprehensive framework of the types of control that contribute to freedom in the field of human action. The second chapter focuses on Harry Frankfurt's approach to human action, exploring his emphasis on conscious and intentional action, underlying motivation, and the crucial role of freedom in decision-making. Furthermore, this chapter presents Harry Frankfurt's significant and influential argument against PAP, challenging conventional notions of moral responsibility and freedom of choice. He proposed hypothetical cases, known as Frankfurt cases, in which a person acts freely and voluntarily, even though they do not have the capacity to act differently due to the intervention of a manipulator. Thus, this work seeks not only to elucidate the central debates in the philosophy of action but also to highlight the relevance and originality of Harry Frankfurt's argument in this field.
Sociedade patriarcal como patologia social: uma reflexão a partir do modelo democrático deliberativo habermasiano.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-11-11) Seal, Graziela Renata da Silva; Silva, Eleonoura Enoque da; Efken, Karl Heinz; Souza, José Tadeu Batista de; Ferreira, Sônia Maria Lira
This master's dissertation is a study on the pathologies that affect the social body, based on Habermasian theories, in order to analyze and identify ways to remedy them. The research was conducted through an interdisciplinary and transversal bibliographic investigation of the themes, problems, and hypotheses assumed, with a particular focus on the consequences for human life in society. The general objective of this research is the philosophical analysis of the impacts that social pathologies can have on human relations within a social context. According to the bibliographic study developed, it is possible to demonstrate how patriarchal society can be understood as a social pathology and, based on Habermasian theories, explore the possibilities of remediation. The theoretical framework used not only the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas, who is the foundation of this thesis, but also other major relevant theorists whose theories contributed to the development of this work. The methods used were the exploration and description of bibliographic material. Finally, the research reflects on the application of Habermas' deliberative democratic model, highlighting the importance of social awareness so that the necessary changes can be implemented and social pathologies corrected in the future.
A relação entre ética e felicidade na filosofia de Agostinho uma análise a paitir da obra de Civitate Dei paite II (livros XI a XXII).
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-12-12) Oliveira, Anderson José da Silva; Nascimento, Ermano Rodrigues do; Souza, José Tadeu Batista de; Kambalu, Lourenço Flaviano
The present work consists of the elaboration of a master's thesis, based on bibliographic research, with the primary theoretical reference being the work De Civitate Dei (Part II, Books XI to XXII). The main objective is to demonstrate that, although the ultimate goal of ethics and happiness in Augustine is God, the path to reach this telos (τέλος) occurs in the concreteness of earthly existence. The dissertation will show that, despite Augustine's emphasis on the transcendent, largely influenced by Platonic and Plotinian philosophies, he does not undervalue the importance of the immanent reality. Augustine proposes the centrality of transcendence in God, emphasizing that human history, marked by sin, finds its restoration through the salvific sacrifice of Christ. In this context, Augustine contrasts the City of God with the earthly city, indicating that it is in the Civitate Dei that the true Christian can adequately correlate the ethical path that leads to True Happiness (Beata Vitae), which is realized by fulfilling God's will. The philosopher of Hippo argues that love is the foundation of ethical action in society, and true happiness lies in an internal experience, not in external goods. For this happiness to be complete, it must extend to coexistence in the Civitas, where ethical practice is shared among citizens. The role of politics in Augustine's philosophy will also be discussed, highlighting how the relationship between divine love and justice is intrinsically linked to social interactions within the Civitas. Finally, the study emphasizes that, although Augustine was a thinker of his time, his thought remains relevant today, suggesting that his ethics can be adapted to contemporary reality, both in the transcendent and immanent spheres, given that respect for human dignity is timeless and essential, especially in today’s world.
O princípio responsabilidade e a crítica às éticas antropocêntricas: por uma ética ambiental.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-09-05) Arruda, Renato César Conserva de; Nascimento, Ermano Rodrigues do; Souza, José Tadeu Batista de; Valentim, Inácio
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze aspects of philosopher Hans Jonas's thought, particularly his argument in favor of constructing an ethical model that addresses the challenges posed by technological civilization. Jonas presents a critical reflection on traditional ethical models, focusing on two aspects: their anthropocentric nature and their approach to issues concerning the present time, thereby overlooking our responsibility towards nature and future time. The methodology used is qualitative, as it is based on a theoretical and interpretive bibliographical study, analyzing two of his main works, The Imperative of Responsibility and Technology, Medicine, and Ethics, supported by complementary sources from authors studying Hans Jonas's thought. Thus, in this work, we emphasize that for the philosopher, the crisis faced by the West is interpreted as stemming from the indiscriminate use of scientific technology, which, by imposing the transition of humans from subject to object of technology, results in environmental devastation and consequent threats to future generations and all forms of life. We also highlight that, grounding his analysis in the field of ethics, Jonas engages with Kant’s categorical imperative, acknowledges the importance of such an ethical model, but proposes a new ethical principle that transcends the focus on humanity and addresses technological civilization. Finally, this research demonstrates the necessity of overcoming any ethical model limited to addressing human challenges in the present time, emphasizing the importance and urgency of proposing a new ethics grounded in the responsibility to include the protection and preservation of all forms of life, now and in the future.
Da técnica à ética: olhar crítico de Hans Jonas para aconstrução de uma ética da responsabilidade.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-05-03) Bezerra, Ednard Willams Alves; Nascimento, Ermano Rodrigues do; Ribeiro Júnior, Nilo
The present thesis seeks to undertand the relationship between Ethics and Responsability according to the work of Hans Jonas, based on the book: The Imperative of Responsability: In Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age. In addition, articles and periodicals that deal with the topic in focus – ethics. However, our research aims to study and reflect the issue of pre-modern technique and modern technique as a consequence the ethics of responsibility in Hans Jonas, considering that he brings an innovative understanding on fundamental questions, mainly related to the entire technological advancement of contemporary society. In Jonas’ assessment, it is stated that man needs to create a prevention strategy for the advancement and consequences of modern technology. For this motive we have the intention to investigate the historical context, cultural, social and educational aspects, considering the ethical dimension and moral values, from the humanistic perspective and construcion of today’s society. Consequently, we want to understand the impacts of human actions having the space in which they are located, and how human atitudes are also reflections on the environment of which they are part. Therefore, we hope that the process of hominization will be achieved through an education that aims to free man from all the ties that imprision him.
Tecnologia e otimismo crítico em Egbert Schuurman.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-08-14) Paixão, Wendell Gonzaga da; Luna, José Marcos Gomes de; Cardoso, Delmar Araújo; Souza, José Roberto de
This thesis aims to address the philosophy of technology's state of the art in general and specifically in the work of Egbert Schuurman. The goal is to situate Schuurman's position in the philosophy of technology's development and present it as a successful response to the optimism critical dilemma concerning technology. The working hypothesis is that Egbert Schuurman's philosophical proposal to adopt critical optimism is the best and most sensible solution to the problem that underlies the reflections of several philosophers who address the topic of technology in the past and the present. Philosophical research must seek relationships with other areas of human knowledge to promote a more complete understanding of life and human actions. In this dissertation, some specific human dimensions called into dialogue are technology, philosophy, and ethical implications for the contemporary world. Given this framework, the significance of the present work lies in that the philosophical aspects existing in the phenomena of technology and their implications provide a rich theoretical instrument for analyzing and understanding reality and technological functionality in our contemporary society. Therefore, the present work presents and philosophically analyzes the optimistic and pessimistic positions regarding technology in light of Egbert Schuurman's philosophy of technology, which advocates an approach here labeled as critical optimism.
Enfoque filosófico sobre a simplicidade divina em Tomás de Aquino como fundamento para os valores morais.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-08-01) Lima, Renato Soares Pontes de; Cardoso, Delmar Araújo; Nascimento, Ermano Rodrigues do; Souza, José Roberto de
This dissertation aims to present the connection between the metaphysical doctrine of divine simplicity and the doctrine that deals with the foundation of objective moral values in the philosophical thought of Thomas Aquinas. To achieve this objective, after presenting, in general lines, the life and work of our author, an expository comment was made on the third question of the first part of the Summa Theologica, where we find a family of arguments in favor of the idea that God does not have and cannot have composition of any kind, that is, that the divine being is absolutely simple or that he cannot have any composition, whether material or spiritual, of essence and existence, or of any order. Then, we present the relationship of all this with moral values and human acts, indicating that divine simplicity serves as the foundation for the immutable and necessary character of moral values, and that God, as the first cause of all good, is also the ultimate cause of all good human action.
Ética do cuidar e pessoa com deficiência: implicações filosóficas e educativas.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-06-20) Almeida, Maria de Fátima Alves; Nascimento, Ermano Rodrigues do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1006495031500611; Efken, Karl Heinz; Menezes, Anderson de Alencar
The research deals with inclusive education as the inherent and relentless pursuit of self by man. Man has forged, from his knowledge, attitudes considered correct for each era. Therefore, the objective of our research is to reflect on inclusive education and the ethical attitude towards the inclusion of persons with disabilities, their social impacts, and to highlight the possibilities of promoting ethical and dignified human beings. Disabilities have historically been seen inhumanely. With the advancement of all sciences, it is urgent that these practices be banned from social interaction. However, students in inclusive education possess human dignity. When referring to the terms person, human being, and human being with a disability, it is essential to appreciate their trajectory throughout history and the implications of humanisms and their propositions. With the advancement of medicine, disabilities have been demystified, understood in their causes and effects. After the two World Wars, with the Declaration of Human Rights, efforts were made towards integration after being trained, rehabilitated - the Service Paradigm. A new challenge: moving from an integralist process to Inclusion, respecting minority population segments in their rights of access and regular participation in social life. We seek to understand Inclusive Education in Education and in Social contexts! Brazil, as a signatory to national and international agreements, has invested in educational ventures, improvements, and quality of pedagogical services on-site in regular schools, specialized institutions with specialized educational assistance - AEE. Learning from remote and current narratives with philosophical dialogue in this construction has propelled us towards the Ethics of caring and Ethical and Moral Action for the Inclusion of Everyone. The necessary stance is to elevate and maintain the inter and multidisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity of specialties, with effective results; recreate teaching alternatives and possibilities with a flexible curriculum for differences; broaden commitments of the Constitution, from its principles aligned with those of Law and Bioethics and uphold justice. The proposition consists of the tireless social commitment to the Promotion of the Human Person, especially towards people with disabilities, as they need to be included both in School and in Society.
Razão técnico-científica e capitalismo libertário: uma nova barbárie?
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-03-27) Pimenteira, Martha Lucia de Azevedo; Cardoso, Delmar Araújo; Vasconcelos, Sérgio Sezino Douets; Barros, Marcos André de
The starting point was to analyze the historical fusion between reason focused on technologies to the detriment of being and human relations with physis, and hegemonic capitalism with its anarchic logic of accumulation at all costs and exclusion. Since capitalism is also a discourse, its dysnomic beliefs create a form of subjectivation named as "the one-dimensional man", reduced to the struggle for survival, to life lived only in immanence and individual interest; given this principle, there follows a regression to the narcissistic mentality, dissociated from the Other of the symbolic and the other of the social bond, thus giving rise to the deregulation of malaise in civilization, whose values decline. Life, now hostage to positivity, without the dialectical operator, has its creative movement turned against itself, revealing the relationship between capitalism and the death drive. The problem is to describe and interpret how instrumental reason, devoid of self-criticism, linked to the market logic of cultural capitalism, which exploits freedom, attacks the family, universities and traditions of cultural autonomy. The emerging ideology leads to: the standardization of thought; the institution of impulsive jouissance, and the perverse denial of the sexual difference that really exists. Vectors guide the research: the first analyzes how the way scientific reason works leads to the regression of the one-dimensional man (Marcusean expression to characterize the human being imbued by immanence), without transcendence. The second problematizes the liberal democracy (of absolute individualism), which leads to an excess of rights and an absence of duties, associating freedom with enjoyment (which goes beyond the pleasure). The articulation of a philosophical notion with the debilitating release of drives is authorized by the Lacanian proposition: "The unconscious is politics". The third describes the decadence of the university, which has become operational, technicist and the institute of the new barbarism, as the destruction of culture and a threat to life and mankind.
A ideia do infinito e do desejo metafísico como saída da filosofia da imanência em Levinas
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-04-05) Santos, Joseildo Inácio dos; Souza, José Tadeu Batista de; Flores, Alberto Vivar; Ribeiro Júnior, Nilo
The many armed conflicts, internal or between nations, that humanity has gone through throughout its history, bringing with them violence, catastrophe and suffering, disturb man's desire to understand their meaning. It was driven by this same concern that, in the 20th century, the Franco-Lithuanian philosopher Emmanuel Levinas developed a hermeneutics of war, addressing its immediate and harmful effects. Where he notices not only the existence of a similarity between the totalitarian and violent power typical of states of war and the way of thinking of the Philosophical Tradition in its ontological bias, but also the point that the phenomenon of war has its foundation in this violent way of thinking of Western rationality. As a result, it denounces ontology as the philosophy of power and violence, as well as accusing modern subjectivity as ratifying the violent process of totalization and immanentization of Reality. However, Emmanuel Levinas speaks in favor of transcendence, by understanding the Other as the Infinite and in benefit of the ethical relationship, which is the metaphysical movement, where the finite Self moves from its interiority to the exteriority manifested by the Other, in a Metaphysical Desire where there is no possibility of immanentization, since the Other, being infinite, is an unavoidable horizon, closed to the Rational process of apprehension, but open to ethical encounter.
Liberdade e determinação em Thomas Hobbes: a possível existência de um compatibilismo.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2023-08-29) Chaves, Gustavo Henrique Freire; Oliveira, André Luís Holanda; Cardoso, Delmar Araujo; Souza, José Tadeu Batista de; Souza, José Roberto de
This thesis aims to show Hobbes's doctrine about the relationship between human freedom and determinism, defending the hypothesis that there is a Hobbesian compatibilism. In the first chapter, our attention is focused on the general lines of Hobbes' thought, starting from his notion of philosophy – Logic, Politics and Ethics –, then on the world and its constitution. In the second chapter, we present a list of different theories about freedom and determinism, passing through indeterminist theory, rigid determinism and, finally, compatibilism. During the presentation of each theory, we did not fail to make comparisons between each one of them, as is the case of the incompatibist theory, which can be defended both by those who do not believe in the reality of determinism, and by those who do not believe in the reality of freedom human. Lastly, in the third chapter, it is the turn of Hobbes's ideas about freedom and determinism to appear in a central way, and we argue that, although Hobbes can be classified as a determinist, he cannot, however, be classified as a determinist rigorous, because its determinism does not deny all forms of freedom, but just some of them.
A dimensão ética em Gianni Vattimo.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2023-04-14) Oliveira, José Roberto Pereira de; Souza, José Tadeu Batista de; Ribeiro Júnior, Nilo; Costa, Marcos Roberto Nunes
This dissertation ends the effort to demonstrate and reflect on the ethical dimension of Gianni Vattimo's philosophical thought. The exposed arguments account not only for the presence of such a dimension, but also for the ethical motivation that the works and, in the end, the reflection of the philosopher from Turin, reveal. Thus, the dissertation path adopted the philosophical itinerary of Gianni Vattimo as a guiding guide, which, transformed into chapters, culminated in the proposal that there is legitimacy in affirming the existence of an ethical dimension of the so-called pensiero debole, the foundation of today's ontology vattiminiana, in short, assumption of the ethics of his philosophy.
O problema da relação mente-corpo: a primazia da teoria emergentista searleana frente ao dualismo.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2023-12-21) Medeiros, Carlos José Lima de; Luna, José Marcos Gomes de; Silva, Eleonoura Enoque da; Ferreira, Ânderson D’Arc
Não possue resumo em língua estrangeira.
O reconhecimento do princípio responsabilidade para o enfrentamento do vazio ético da sociedade tecnológica.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2023-08-07) Porto, Ivan Wilson; Souza, José Tadeu Batista de; Nascimento, Ermano Rodrigues do; Costa, Marcos Roberto Nunes
This dissertation aims to demonstrate the philosophical thinking of Hans Jonas, especially its ethical dimension. Even more: in the fashion of modernity, therefore, in the Hegelian sense, give the reasons why one should recognize the ethics of responsibility proposed by the Jewish-German thinker as indispensable for facing the ethical challenges that characterize the contemporary world, a world that, at the all evidence, seems to suffer from a true ethical void, a kind of moral twilight already pointed out by modern, neomodern, postmodern, hypermodern and even postmoralist thinkers. The list is incomplete. Here, therefore, under the analytical-phenomenological methodological perspective, technoscience will be taken care of as a hegemonic power that threatens the preservation of nature and beings in general, of humanity as we know it, including the essence of man and future generations . However, it would not be enough, on the one hand, to undertake the characterization of the context in the face of which a new ethical paradigm must be demanded, that is, in which the Principle of Responsibility proposed by Hans Jonas must act, and, on the other hand, so just to say that modern technology, due to its effective exorbitance, would constitute its object. It was necessary, therefore, to move towards the ethical proposition of the Jewish-German thinker through the stages of his philosophical journey, therefore, from his research on the gnosis of late antiquity, where he glimpsed the issue of duality and ancient and modern nihilism, passing, later, through the formulation of an ontobiology, philosophy of biology or phenomenology of life, until it flows into the proposition of an ethics of responsibility, whose foundation is clearly metaphysical, but updated based on the Life Principle, made possible by the ontobiology thought by Hans Jonas. Therefore, treading and evoking the philosophical path of the author of the Principle of Responsibility, the aim is, at the end, to confirm the need to take into account the ontological categorical imperative contained therein, that is, of an ethics for the future, in order to contribute to the ethical debate that takes place in the context of the so-called technological civilization, with the telos of seeing the ethical void that permeated it overcome.
A democracia na perspectiva filosófica de Norberto Bobbio e Jürgen Habermas.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2023-09-25) Tenório, Eljo Farias; Efken, Karl Heinz; Nascimento, Ermano Rodrigues do
Norberto Bobbio, political and legal philosopher, writer, historian and Italian senator, was born in Turin/Italy, on October 18 1909 and died in his hometown on January 09 2004. Bobbio became remarkably known for his great ability to generate concise,logical and, at the same time, dense writings. This paper aims to present, albeit briefly, Bobbio's thinking on democracy analyzing the author's different convictions on the subject investigating the historical evolution of the democratic doctrine: the democracy of the ancients and the democracy of the moderns; the dichotomy between real democracy and ideal democracy; ethics and procedure; the representative and the direct, until reaching what the Turin philosopher called unfulfilled promises by democracy, as the model of a centripetal society, where people participate in political decisions; fiduciary representation; the end of oligarchic power; the occupation of decision-making spaces by the people; the end of invisible power; and education for citizenship, as well as the causes for non-compliance with these promises, according to its understanding. Also emphasizing the thought of the Italian philosopher on the rise of democratic regimes around the world, despite the setbacks demonstrated in his reflections. The philosophical aspects of convergence and main differences between the representative democracy of Norberto Bobbio and the deliberative (participatory) democracy of Jürgen Habermas are also on focus. Habermas, a philosopher and sociologist born in Düsseldorf, Germany, on June 18 of 1929, which continues in full activity, based on his theories about communicative action, deliberative politics on public sphere, taking contemporaneity as an analytical focus, notably the use of virtual tools as instruments of modern democracy, underlining Bobbio's disbelief on the subject and Habermas' considerations about the possibilities of rescuing the Agoras of ancient Athens through current social networks, keeping the pertinent adaptations and the observance of the validity criteria of the deliberative practice.

Navegar

Submissões Recentes