Participação e empoderamento social na gestão de riscos: uma análise empírica do NUPDEC Recife à luz do direito dos desastres.
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O cenário contemporâneo, marcado pela intensificação e recorrência de eventos climáticos extremos potencializa dos pelas mudanças climáticas impõe ao Direito a necessidade de abordagens inovador a s orientad a s à gestão qualificada dos riscos . No entanto , no Brasil, os desastres não atingem a todos da mesma forma. Co munidades periféricas, marcadas por limitações de acesso a recursos, informação e mecanismos de proteção, são as mais afetadas pelos desastres , ao mesmo tempo em que, historicamente, permanecem à margem dos processos decisórios locais, sendo frequentemente destinatárias passivas de decisões tomadas de forma externa e verticalizada. Nesse contexto, a partir do referencial teórico do Direito dos Desastres, que não se esgota na proteção técnica do Estado, mas e xige a participação ativa das comunidades como condição de sua legitimidade e efetividade , esta pesquisa problematiza como a política municipal de gestão de riscos do Recife , conforme delineada em seus
documentos normativos e institucionais, especialmente aqueles que disciplinam os Núcleos Comunitários de Proteção e Defesa Civil (NUPDECs), incorpora mecanismos juridicamente estruturados de participação social na gestão de riscos e desastres . A questão central consiste em verificar se o NUPDEC, enquanto inst rumento de participação social , promove deliberação, inclusão e empoderamento comunitári o na proteção e defesa civil local Para a concretização deste objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem empírica mista, com predominância da análise documental como percurso metodológico à pesquisa qualitativa , tendo os documentos institucionais, relatórios, e legislações relacionadas ao Programa NUPDEC do município do Recife, como fontes principais da investigação. Complementarmente, foram realizadas entrevista s em forma de um questionário (Likert) aplicado a participantes egressos do Programa, com a finalidade de tornar percepções subjetivas em dados quantificáveis, com o posterior cruzamento com os achados documentais. A análise documental identificou que o mo delo pedagógico do NUPDEC tende à verticalização , com conteúdos definidos
institucionalmente e participação predominantemente receptiva. Os dados exploratórios do questionário revela ra m, porém, que os próprios participantes percebem o programa de forma amp lamente positiva, inclusive nas dimensões de participação e empoderamento. Essa tensão não invalida nenhuma das duas perspectivas: ela aponta para a complexidade do fenômeno estudado e para o fato de que a análise crítica de uma iniciativa pública pode ide ntificar limitações estruturais que não são necessariamente percebidas pelos seus beneficiários Embora ainda demande maior aprofundamento institucional para assegurar o efetivo empoderamento comunitário e a consolidação da resiliência em nível local, o cr uzamento das análises realizadas evidencia o papel dos NUPDECs como uma estratégia relevante para o enfrentamento das vulnerabilidades associadas aos desastres socioambientais.
The contemporary scenario, marked by the intensification and recurrence of extreme climate events driven by climate change, imposes upon the law the need for innovative approaches oriented toward the qualified management of risks. However, disasters do not affect all populations equally in Brazil. Peripheral communities, characterized by limited access to resources, information, and protection mechanisms, are the most sev erely impacted by disasters, while historically remaining at the margins of local decision making processes, often serving as passive recipients of externally imposed, top down decisions. In this context, drawing on the theoretical framework of Disaster La w which does not confine itself to the State s technical protection but rather requires the active participation of communities as a condition for its legitimacy and effectiveness this research problematizes how the municipal risk management policy of Recife, as outlined in its normative and institutional documents, particularly those governing the Community Centers for Civil Protection and Defense (NUPDECs), incorporates legally structured mechanisms for social participation in disaster risk management . The central question is whether the NUPDEC, as an instrument of social participation, fosters deliberation, inclusion, and community empowerment in local civil protection and defense. To achieve this objective, an empirical study with a mixed methods app roach was conducted, with a predominance of documentary analysis as the methodological pathway for qualitative research. Institutional documents, reports, and legislation related to the NUPDEC Program in the municipality of Recife were used as the primary sources of investigation. Complementarily, interviews were conducted in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire administered to former program participants, with the aim of transforming subjective perceptions into quantifiable data, subsequently cross ref erenced with the documentary findings. The documentary analysis identified that the pedagogical model of the NUPDEC tends toward verticalization, with institutionally defined content and predominantly receptive forms of participation. However, the explorat ory questionnaire data revealed that participants themselves perceive the program in a largely positive manner, including in the dimensions of participation and empowerment. This tension does not invalidate either perspective; rather, it points to the comp lexity of the phenomenon under study and to the fact that a critical analysis of a public initiative may identify structural limitations that are not necessarily perceived by its beneficiaries. Although further institutional development is still required t o ensure effective community empowerment and the consolidation of resilience at the local level, the triangulation of the analyses conducted highlights the role of NUPDECs as a relevant strategy for addressing vulnerabilities associated with socio environm ental disasters.
The contemporary scenario, marked by the intensification and recurrence of extreme climate events driven by climate change, imposes upon the law the need for innovative approaches oriented toward the qualified management of risks. However, disasters do not affect all populations equally in Brazil. Peripheral communities, characterized by limited access to resources, information, and protection mechanisms, are the most sev erely impacted by disasters, while historically remaining at the margins of local decision making processes, often serving as passive recipients of externally imposed, top down decisions. In this context, drawing on the theoretical framework of Disaster La w which does not confine itself to the State s technical protection but rather requires the active participation of communities as a condition for its legitimacy and effectiveness this research problematizes how the municipal risk management policy of Recife, as outlined in its normative and institutional documents, particularly those governing the Community Centers for Civil Protection and Defense (NUPDECs), incorporates legally structured mechanisms for social participation in disaster risk management . The central question is whether the NUPDEC, as an instrument of social participation, fosters deliberation, inclusion, and community empowerment in local civil protection and defense. To achieve this objective, an empirical study with a mixed methods app roach was conducted, with a predominance of documentary analysis as the methodological pathway for qualitative research. Institutional documents, reports, and legislation related to the NUPDEC Program in the municipality of Recife were used as the primary sources of investigation. Complementarily, interviews were conducted in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire administered to former program participants, with the aim of transforming subjective perceptions into quantifiable data, subsequently cross ref erenced with the documentary findings. The documentary analysis identified that the pedagogical model of the NUPDEC tends toward verticalization, with institutionally defined content and predominantly receptive forms of participation. However, the explorat ory questionnaire data revealed that participants themselves perceive the program in a largely positive manner, including in the dimensions of participation and empowerment. This tension does not invalidate either perspective; rather, it points to the comp lexity of the phenomenon under study and to the fact that a critical analysis of a public initiative may identify structural limitations that are not necessarily perceived by its beneficiaries. Although further institutional development is still required t o ensure effective community empowerment and the consolidation of resilience at the local level, the triangulation of the analyses conducted highlights the role of NUPDECs as a relevant strategy for addressing vulnerabilities associated with socio environm ental disasters.
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SANTOS, Matheus de Oliveira. Participação e empoderamento social na gestão de riscos: uma análise empírica do NUPDEC Recife à luz do direito dos desastres. 186 f. Mestrado (Dissertação) - Universidade Católica de Pernambuco Programa de Pós-graduação em Direito. Mestrado em Desenvolvimento de Direito, Recife, 2026.
