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Demandas predatórias no Estado de Pernambuco: uma análise do abuso do direito de ação, a busca por soluções processuais e o comportamento do Tribunal de Justiça.
(UNICAP, 2025-03-13) Reis, Isabelle Karla de Almeida
A expansão do acesso à justiça levou ao crescimento de conflitos em massa, identificados pelo grande número de pretensões individuais, que são levados ao Judiciário ocasionando em uma extensa quantidade de processos que resulta em uma morosidade para solucioná-los de maneira efetiva. Contudo, recentemente, Tribunais de todo o país têm identificado que muitos desses ações são decorrentes de uma litigância predatória, considerada um exercício abusivo ao direito de acesso à justiça. Assim, Centros de Inteligência dos tribunais do país passaram a se manifestar através da publicação de notas técnicas, enfatizando a presença de tal litigância abusiva em sua jurisdição. O Conselho Nacional de Justiça se manifestou sobre o assunto através de recomendações, em especial a de número 159, que reconhece a prática como abusiva. Esta dissertação é fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza dogmática, na qual é empregado um conjunto de ferramentas voltadas para analisar o exercício abusivo do direito de ação, a legislação processual e o papel do CNJ frente ao problema. Nada obstante a isso, a pesquisa tem como foco principal analisar, de maneira quantitativa, a presença da litigância predatória no Estado de Pernambuco, a postura do Tribunal de Justiça e o papel da inteligência artificial chamada Bastião como ferramenta importante no tratamento da litigância predatória.
Memória, verdade, justiça, reparação e terra: uma justiça de transição étnico-racial para os povos indígenas brasileiros sob um olhar decolonial.
(UNICAP, 2025-09-01) Silva, Willaine Araújo
Esta pesquisa propõe-se a analisar, por meio de abordagem exploratória e documental, as graves violações de direitos humanos sofridas pelos povos indígenas brasileiros durante o período integracionista (1946–1985). O estudo se baseia em documentos históricos fundamentais, como o Relatório da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (CNV), o Relatório Figueiredo, registros do Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha e o manifesto Y-Juca Pirama, entre outros. Busca-se demonstrar como essas violações, perpetradas tanto pelo Estado quanto por agentes privados ligados ao projeto desenvolvimentista e com respaldo estatal, configuraram-se em práticas de genocídio e etnocídio contra os povos originários brasileiros, com razões e funções claras no cenário político, reverberando como um efeito do contexto econômico capitalista que continua avançando sobre fronteiras de produção, desprezando esses povos e reduzindo-os em espaço e representação. Ao examinar os casos concretos documentados, a pesquisa também pretende investigar a existência ou não de mecanismos de reparação direcionados a esses povos. Se existentes, serão analisados à luz das especificidades culturais indígenas em contraponto com a lógica econômica a qual motivou os atos de exceção praticados contra eles, objetivando-se, dessa forma, avaliar sua efetividade na promoção de uma justiça de transição que seja verdadeiramente inclusiva, reparadora e que garanta a não-repetição do passado violento. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, o trabalho discutirá as tentativas doutrinárias de inclusão do outro, o reconhecimento do pluralismo, multiculturalidade e interculturalidade como possibilidades dessa inclusão, bem assim, os conceitos e modelos de justiça de transição, examinando sua aplicabilidade e suficiência no contexto indígena nacional. Por meio da análise jurisprudencial, pretende-se compreender como o Judiciário brasileiro tem tratado essas demandas, principalmente no que condiz às ações individuais contra os envolvidos nestes crimes em contraponto com a Lei de anistia. Ao final, o estudo visa propor mecanismos eficazes para a aplicação de uma justiça de transição étnico-racial, orientados por uma perspectiva decolonial, de modo a assegurar uma reparação histórica justa, efetiva e plural às comunidades indígenas atingidas.
Da teoria do direito às normas constitucionais de definição da competência municipal: critérios para dissolver a vagueza normativa e doutrinária.
(UNICAP, 2025-04-09) Perman, Renata Gonçalves
Diante do caráter indeterminado e vago das normas constitucionais de repartição de competências, a teoria do direito surge como uma possível solução para auxiliar a definiçãode critérios para definição das competências municipais, uma vez que, os municípios podem regular os aspectos importantes de um ponto de vista regional que são negligenciados pela legislação federal. A possibilidade de os municípios tutelarem as regras de competência por meio de normas constitucionais, da interpretação do Supremo Tribunal Federal e também da doutrina traz como consequência problemas de ordem federativa. A possibilidade de regulação de competências tem sido limitada pela jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, como também vaga tanto pela norma quanto pelo discurso doutrinário. Assim, tornase essencial examinar as limitações impostas pela Suprema Corte, a fim de definir critérios normativos que se amoldem às restrições constitucionais e que, por isso, devem ser observados pelos municípios. Nesse sentido, a tese investiga o tema da teoria da repartição de competências, desdobrando-o no duplo aspecto mencionado. Em primeiro lugar, propõe-se a discussão sobre a possibilidade de definição de critérios normativos para eleger o conjunto de possibilidades de regulação no âmbito municipal, levando em conta a vagueza normativa, doutrinária e jurisprudencial do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Em segundo lugar, viabiliza-se a discussão a respeito de propostas para dissolver tal vagueza normativa, doutrinária e jurisprudencial na perspectiva do município, possibilitando-se verificar o cumprimento dos critérios normativos fixados.
Sistema de precedentes judiciais vinculantes e o direito ao tratamento multidisciplinar dos autistas na saúde suplementar: uma análise do incidente de assunção de competência nº 8 no Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco.
(UNICAP, 2025-02-13) Silva, Franklin Façanha da
A pesquisa se propôs a analisar o precedente vinculante formado pelo Incidente de Assunção de Competência (IAC) nº 8 do Tribunal de Justiça de Pernambuco (TJPE), acerca da efetivação dos direitos ao tratamento multidisciplinar dos autistas e o custeio integral por parte dos planos de saúde. Buscou-se analisar sob quais condições o sistema de precedentes judiciais estabelecido no CPC/2015 auxiliou na efetivação dos direitos à saúde dos autistas no cenário da saúde suplementar, frente ao julgamento do IAC nº 8 e as evidências científicas em saúde que corroboram a racionalidade jurídica do julgado, que formou um precedente vinculante estadual. O transtorno de espectro do autismo é uma condição humana, cujas alterações podem afetar criança, jovem ou adulto com prejuízos significativos nas áreas de comunicação, interação social e interesses restritos. As legislações específicas sobre a matéria garantem o direito à reabilitação e ao tratamento multidisciplinar dos autistas de maneira intensiva e precoce. No ramo da saúde suplementar, os planos de saúde possuem a obrigação de custear o tratamento prescrito aos autistas, quando respeitado os critérios próprios em saúde. Contudo as operadoras desse setor tendem a parte das terapias, o que prejudica a efetivação dos direitos à saúde desse público. O objetivo geral do estudo foi analisar o IAC nº 8 do TJPE sob a ótica da necessidade de custeio integral do tratamento multidisciplinar para os autistas segurados de planos de saúde, com base nas evidências científicas em saúde que levaram a formação desse precedente vinculante. Por objetivos específicos a pesquisa buscou descrever as especificidades em saúde dos autistas e as terapias que apresentam eficácia para o tratamento multidisciplinar, segundo as diretrizes da ciência da saúde; analisar a aplicabilidade do instrumento processual do IAC, e avaliar as teses fixadas no IAC para determinar as razões de decidir adotada pelo TJPE e as convergências entre as terapias descritas no julgado e as evidências em saúde. Para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa, foi realizado estudo de caso ao IAC supramencionado, que formou um precedente vinculante estadual com teses específicas em relação a obrigatoriedade do custeio do tratamento multidisciplinar dos autistas na saúde suplementar. Ao final ficou evidenciado que as teses fixadas seguiram os mesmos critérios que são estabelecidos pelas evidências científicas em saúde, a fim de garantir o tratamento multidisciplinar para os autistas que garantam a melhoria no quadro clínico dos pacientes.
O direito penal na Serra do Ororubá : novas perguntas para a criminologia crítica brasileira a partir de um estudo de caso sobre a criminalização de povos indígenas Xukuru.
(UNICAP, 2024-03-15) Regis, Lucas Gondim Chaves
Nesse estudo procurei compreender, a partir de um estudo de caso, as formas de tratamento do Sistema de Justiça Criminal em relação aos povos indígenas Xukuru. Através da revisão de literatura do referencial teórico, foi possível verificar que a criminologia crítica precisa enfrentar novos desafios ao analisar o fenômeno da criminalização dos povos indígenas para conseguir superar as permanências da criminologia etiológica. Ciente da potencialidade desse referencial teórico em adotar de um paradigma diverso daquele supostamente neutro e universal, se verificou na tentativa de construção de um modelo epistemológico de referência foi traçado que é necessário dar ênfase a elementos estruturantes das atuais condições e desafios que os povos originários enfrentam. Assim, é possível compreender como o racismo presente e enraizado na sociedade brasileira promove a estigmatização das identidades indígenas e como a dimensão territorial é elemento constitutivo destas identidades e os conflitos de interesses que surgem da busca pela implementação do direito as essas terras originariamente ocupadas. A partir desses referenciais e da análise dos processos, argumenta-se que o sistema de justiça criminal se preocupou em subsumir os fatos a um tipo penal e desconsiderou o contexto de disputa por território que ocasionou os atos de violência, eximindo o Estado de qualquer parcela de responsabilidade. Acredito que o presente estudo represente um importante passo para enfrentamento da lógica epistemicida produzida pelo sistema de justiça criminal sobre os indesejáveis. Para tanto, a criminologia crítica, atenta aos perspectivas de gênero e raça e sem esquecer as novas formas de violação de direitos, deve apresentar novas perguntar para trilhar a superação do atual sistema de justiça criminal.
Direitos humanos, dependência e o desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil entre 1945-1964.
(2024-12-18) Vasconcelos, Rafael Baltar de Abreu
O presente trabalho busca demonstrar a relevância da teoria da dependência para o estudo da problemática suscitada pelas doutrinas TWAIL, acerca do caráter imperialista do direito internacional. Ele toma como ponto de partida a visão que essas doutrinas trazem do direito internacional como um instrumento de dominação das Potências ocidentais sobre os Estados do Terceiro Mundo, e busca aprofundar o debate sobre a forma como as normas e instituições internacionais operam ao desempenharem essa função. Ao conceberem o direito internacional como produto, unicamente, da vontade dessas Potências, as TWAIL acabam descrevendo-o como um fator externo aos Estados do Terceiro Mundo, que atuaria sobre eles de fora para dentro, moldando as suas ordens internas de acordo com a ideologia do esenvolvimento, enquanto eles seriam meros sujeitos passivos diante da ação imperialista do direito internacional. Questionando essa narrativa, o trabalho se vale da teoria da dependência para analisar a dominação exercida pelo direito internacional a partir da interação entre o interno e o externo, argumentando que a forma como esses Estados se projetam em direção à ordem internacional, constitui um elemento essencial para que essa dominação se realize. Ele afirma que os Estados do Terceiro Mundo têm a sua atuação determinada por classes dominantes locais que se desenvolveram, desde o regime colonial, como beneficiárias da sua posição periférica na economia capitalista mundial, e que usam o direito internacional para definir os termos das suas relações com as Potências centrais, visando a assegurar o seu próprio status privilegiado. Esses termos, por sua vez, estabelecem possibilidades e limites para a ação do Estado, exercendo um efeito condicionante sobre o seu desenvolvimento, constituindo um fator de dependência. Para demonstrar esse argumento, o trabalho analisa o papel delimitador que os direitos humanos desempenharam sobre o desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil entre 1945-1964, através do direito à autodeterminação dos povos e do direito à seguridade social. Com base em documentos governamentais, atas e relatórios de órgãos internacionais, materiais bibliográficos e legislação, ele afirma, em primeiro lugar, que os diferentes governos do país utilizaram os direitos humanos como parte das suas estratégias de desenvolvimento. Assim, durante a elaboração da Declaração de 1948 e dos Pactos de 1966, eles adotaram posições distintas que refletiram as ambições de transformação econômica e social das diferentes forças políticas, nacionalistas e liberais, que se alternaram no poder do país, perseguidas através de modelos de industrialização com graus variados de abertura ao comércio internacional e aos investimentos estrangeiros, e de políticas de bem-estar social mais ou menos abrangentes. Mas, apesar dessas variações, o compromisso que esses governos assumiram, ao usarem os direitos humanos para promover o desenvolvimento, os subordinou ao conteúdo normativo que ia sendo dado a suas normas durante as negociações. Com isso, a ação econômica e social do Estado passou a ser condicionada pelo direito à autodeterminação dos povos e pelo direito à seguridade social, de modo que, mesmo possuindo objetivos distintos, os diferentes governos do país se adstringiram a atuar dentro das possibilidades e limites deixados por eles.
O mínimo existencial substancial de consumo: um estudo de dados dos tribunais de justiça brasileiros e análise dos acórdãos do TJPE.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-03-31) Guerra Filho, Joaquim Pessoa; Calado, Vinicius de Negreiros; Alves, Virgínia Colares Soares Figueiredo; Barroso, Fábio Túlio; Bertoncello, Káren Rick Danilevicz; Leal, Larissa Maria de Moraes
This dissertation aims to identify the concept of existential minimum from the perspective of the Over-indebtedness Law, based on the collegiate decisions of the Court of Justice of the State of Pernambuco (TJPE). The research problem is: what are the characteristics of the existential minimum of the Over-indebtedness Law, based on the discourses of the TJPE? The study stems from the gap that exists due to the absence of a clear normative criterion for the definition of the concept in the referred law, whose regulation was delegated to a later time, which occurred via Presidential Decree. Such regulation, however, faces questions as to its constitutionality and legality, currently under consideration by the Federal Supreme Court (STF) in Actions for Non-Compliance with a Fundamental Precept (ADPFs), which reinforces the importance of investigating the judicial contours attributed to the concept for the application of the concept of the existential minimum in consumer relations. To answer the research question, the work is structured in two major axes, the first referring to the literature review on the concept of existential minimum, addressing its origins in German Law and its development in the Brazilian legal system, with emphasis on its connections with the principles of human dignity and the effectiveness of fundamental rights, in addition to a jurisprudential approach. The second axis, empirical, performs a qualitative analysis of collegiate decisions of the TJPE in over-indebtedness actions, also called debt renegotiation actions, unveiling the concept of existential minimum in the context of the aforementioned judgments, which reflect the thinking of the state Court of Justice. The work follows an inductive methodological approach, aimed at identifying the criteria adopted by the judges in the concrete cases and the possible jurisprudential divergences. The analysis of the rulings reveals multiple interpretations of the concept, sometimes limiting itself to what is necessary for physical subsistence, sometimes expanding to encompass a minimum level of dignity, including fundamental rights such as housing, health and education. Elements of distinction were identified between the vital minimum and the substantial existential minimum of consumption, the latter related to the dignity of the human person and fundamental social rights. Regarding data collection, it was also observed that there was a possible low adherence of the state courts in the appropriate use of the subject and class related to the theme of over-indebtedness, and in the adherence of the TJPE. As for the analysis of the judgments, it was possible to identify that none of the cases analyzed went beyond the initial phase, and all the claims were dismissed or extinguished in the first instance due to the non-fulfillment of interpretative requirements by the magistrates. As for the grounds, the instrumental and the substantial existential minimum were identified, the latter only implicitly, either with the return of the records for the continuation of the action, or as a basis for the application of specific legislation for public servants. It is concluded that, although there are no objective criteria for defining consumption modalities, it was possible to unveil how the existential minimum has been handled by the Pernambuco Justice, contributing to the understanding and delimitation of the concept.
Conformidade ética da Inteligência artificial no Judiciário: diagnóstico empírico da ELIS do TJPE.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-03-17) Casimiro, Juliana Souza Carvalho; Pimentel, Alexandre Freire; Lima Neto, Fernando Buarque de; Melo, Luiz Fernando Bandeira de
Since 2020, the Brazilian Judiciary has regulated the use of artificial intelligence tools in the justice system, encouraging the implementation of such mechanisms in compliance with the ethical parameters established in Resolution No. 332/2020 of the National Council of Justice (CNJ). However, prior to the validity of said resolution, there were already artificial intelligence tools in use in the Brazilian judiciary, such as the ELIS tool used by the Court of Justice of Pernambuco (TJPE) to screen municipal tax executions. Thus, this Master's dissertation investigates the compliance of the ELIS artificial intelligence tool with the ethical principles established in multilateral, international, and national guidelines related to the tools used in the justice system and which were introduced in the national scenario through Resolution No. 332/2020 of the National Council of Justice (CNJ) and the recent Resolution No. 615/2025. The research combined theoretical and empirical methods. The bibliographic review, supported by national and international interdisciplinary literature (legal and computational), explored the concept of artificial intelligence (AI), its learning techniques, and the ethical guidelines applicable to the Brazilian judiciary, converging principle-based and abstract guidelines into objective practical commands and constructing a mapping of these essential ethical requirements for AI tools used in the Judiciary. The following ethical precepts were examined: autonomy and human dignity, equality (equity and nondiscrimination), transparency (publicity and explainability), security, and responsibility (accountability). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with developers, internal users of TJPE, and jurisdictions impacted by the ELIS tool, enabling a qualitative analysis of the research problem. The empirical analysis of ELIS, in addition to verifying compliance with ethical commands, also identified different practices regarding the use of the tool between the Districts of Recife and Olinda, revealing challenges and opportunities for ethical compliance. Finally, this dissertation presents empirical and theoretically based conclusions on the compliance of ELIS with ethical principles, including recommendations to TJPE and CNJ for the implementation of measures that guarantee ethics and security in the use of AI ELIS in the Judiciary.
Tributação global da economia digital: análise da solução de dois pilares para o GAFAM e os impactos tributários nos países subdesenvolvidos.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-03-25) Sampaio, Marynna Mader Gouveia Cysneiros; Rosenblatt, Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8151559822118114; Gouveia, Lúcio Grassi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265078735031346; Coutinho, João Hélio de Farias Moraes; Silva, Eric Castro e; Oliveira, José André Wanderley Dantas de
The general objective of this thesis is to analyze how the digitalization of the economy can challenge current international taxation models, as well as to identify the proposals currently under discussion at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and their impacts on the tax reality of developing countries. Initially, the study examines the origins and foundations of the international tax system, addressing the projects under debate at the OECD and the effects of tax changes, in addition to the economic interests of developing countries in the context of tax reforms. In this sense, the research explores the emergence of the digital economy and the characteristics of new digital business models, investigating the conflicts that highlight the obsolescence of the current international tax system. Subsequently, the analysis focus on the international movement led by the OECD at the request of the G20, known as BEPS (“Base Erosion and Profit Shifting”), which refers to global losses in tax revenue resulting from abusive tax planning. These practices, widely used by large multinationals, especially by GAFAM companies (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple and Microsoft), have driven a series of events that culminated in proposals to reform the global tax system. The work focuses on documents related to Action 1 of the BEPS project, which deals with the tax challenges of the digital economy,and analyzes the proposals under discussion and their main criticisms. In the final stage, the focus falls on developing countries, identifying the main obstacles in the international tax system, the possible impacts of the reforms suggested by the OECD and the unilateral measures that can be adopted. To this end, the study uses the case of India as a reference, drawing comparisons with Brazil. The central hypothesis of the thesis seeks to implement unilateral measures to tax the digital market in Brazil, such as an equalization tax, due to the tax authorities' difficulty in applying traditional taxation methods in the sector. demonstrate the impacts of international tax reforms in developing countries. Although it is not yet possible to present definitive conclusions, since negotiations and debates are still ongoing, the study brings important contributions to the understanding of the implications of these reforms. Methodologically, the research is bibliographical and documental, based on reports and studies prepared by the OECD and the League of Nations, in addition to national and international academic publications in the field of tax law. So the central problem of the research is to understand the effects of reforms of the international tax system in developing countries.
Análise sobre a adequação ao ordenamento processual das normas sobre proteção de dados pessoais durante a realização de audiências por videoconferência no Brasil e na Itália.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-10-31) Nicodemos, Aline Taraziuk; Martines, Francesca; Pimentel, Alexandre Freire; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6955582727797003; Saldanha, Paloma Mendes; Santos, Gustavo Ferreira; Moreira, Diogo Rais Rodrigues; Pasquali, Leonardo
This research paper, a requirement for the completion of the doctoral degree, aimed to develop a study on the adequacy of the judiciary to data protection regulations in Brazil and Italy concerning the conduct of hearings via videoconference. To achieve this, the analysis began with a common point between the two countries: the European Regulation - GDPR. The examination of this regulation considered the European position's influence on various countries, as happened with Brazil. The Brazilian regulation used the European data protection regulation as a paradigm. Thus, it became significant to study the European leadership, as well as the development of the GDPR and the understanding of the principles of transparency and privacy. Subsequently, the study focused on the normative development in Italy, as a member state of the European Union, and in Brazil regarding procedural judicial rules and data protection to identify compliance with the general regulation. Finally, the paper aimed to analyze public access reports on how the judiciary has been adapting to data protection regulations in each of the selected courts, as well as to create a questionnaire directed at two courts, one Italian and one Brazilian, with questions based on the study of the legislation, to understand the routine in conducting videoconference hearings in the referenced courts. The analysis led to considerations about the challenges and vulnerabilities that personal data collected during remote hearings face in the context of the internet and the hyper-connected society. The research utilized national and international bibliographies, as well as public access documents. The objective was to answer the question: Are Italy and Brazil in line with their respective data protection regulations when it comes to holding hearings by videoconference? The research hypothesized compliance; however, it was found that the reports did not provide details on judicial routines, and there was no response to the questionnaires, making it impossible to understand how acts are performed during remote hearings.
Decolonialidade e sistema de justiça criminal: um diálogo teórico possível? : abrindo janelas para rumos compartilhados de responsabilização social.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-02-25) Silva, Anna Beatriz; Teixeira, João Paulo Allain; Mello, Marília Montenegro Pessoa de; Paiva, Phablo Freire
The work that is consolidated here makes sense in questioning the state’s institutional attachment to punishing bodies in order to deal with social conflicts and deviations. Likewise, the study is based on the questions that arise when analyzing the high rate of state violence against non-white and peripheral bodies in Brazil. To this end, it assesses how these contingencies are connected to a structure that is capillarized in a variety of intersectoral ways, with the common goal of subordinating strategically vulnerable collectivities. This conjecture will be studied here based on the artifice provided by critical criminology, which, based on critical race theory and read through decolonial lenses, will provide support to continue the movement to promote new abolitionist paths, discussions and horizons, which we will call here marginal abolitionist paths—routes that break with the Colonial/Punitive/Prohibitionist ties imposed by the modern/colonial ideal in Latin America since the 15th century. We will therefore investigate the roots of the Criminal Justice System, situating this apparatus within the logic of Modernity/Coloniality—a category whose origin coincides with the beginning of the modern/colonial world-system and which, in this investigation, represents the propagation of a racialized technology of body control. Decolonial critical theory will offer important tools for this analysis, enabling us to introduce to academia not only theoretical but also practical possibilities of being in the world beyond the systemic coercion of modernity/coloniality. In this movement, we embrace the notion of epistemic disobedience as a strategy of insurgency against Eurocentric rationality, promoting the recovery of Afro-diasporic and Indigenous worldviews and knowledge systems that were erased by the colonial civilizational project. These knowledge forms sustain epistemologies that oppose criminalization and reject the perspectives of vengeance and punishment that underpin the continuous state control over certain bodies. Decoloniality, being a practical movement as well, allows us to design abolitionist tools from the margins, grounded in ancestral wisdoms, which will reverberate in our study—constructions based on accountability, care, community-based and reparative resolutions, rather than punitive approaches, thus challenging the penal architecture naturalized by colonial power.
Política criminal e gênero: das estratégias de proteção à mulher a partir do pacote anticrime ao potencial da utilização das unidades portáteis de rastreamento no estado de Pernambuco.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-03-11) Cerqueira, Débora de Lima Ferreira Gonçalves; Mello, Marília Montenegro Pessoa de; Valença, Manuela Abath; Oliveira, Maria Rita de Holanda Silva; Rosenblatt, Fernanda Fonseca; Santos, André Leonardo Copetti
Feminist movements, aiming at “empowerment”, demanded greater penal toughening, which resulted in the creation of the Maria da Penha Law – Law No. 11,340/2006. The intensification of abstractly foreseen penalties legitimizes the objective of the legal system, but this rule is inappropriate for domestic and family problems, manifesting penal symbolism. The criminal justice model, despite repressing violence, has not been effective given the complexity of this phenomenon and the peculiarities of the victims in question. In this way, this work aims, under the aegis of Critical Criminology, to identify the mechanisms for protecting women implemented in the Maria da Penha Law, based on the Anti-Crime Package, in addition to verifying the potential of portable tracking units as an alternative protection model. of victims of domestic violence, based on the analysis of data collected at the Women's Secretariat of the State of Pernambuco, from 2013 to 2024. To achieve these objectives, in addition to the documentary and bibliographic study, empirical research was carried out at the Women's Secretariat Woman from the State of Pernambuco. The data were analyzed based on previously established criteria in order to draw up a profile of women who suffer domestic violence, are served by the Women's Secretariat of the State of Pernambuco and make use of portable tracking units, namely: age, marital status, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, religion, monthly income, education, profession/occupation, relationship with the aggressor, whether there was physical violence, sexual violence, patrimonial violence, psychological violence, moral violence, time living with the aggressor , how long ago the attacks occurred, the period from the first attack until the complaint, whether there were death threats and whether there was an attempted femicide. In addition to these variables, impressions were also collected about electronic monitoring and the effectiveness of portable tracking units. The results obtained indicated the historical selectivity of violence perpetrated by control mechanisms and increased punishment, which seduce with the possibility of assuming the defense of social interests of the greatest relevance, but do not deliver what they promise. Furthermore, the data collected revealed that victims were satisfied with the tracking policy and the need to expand and strengthen it in order to increase the protection network for these women, place them as protagonists in this conflict and, consequently, combat the cycle. of domestic violence. Despite the stigmas, giving visibility to the electronic monitoring policy is to contain the wave of mass incarceration and minimize the contradictory effects of the criminal justice system experienced in the context of domestic violence. This thesis was submitted to the PPGD of UNICAP, linked to the Research Line Jurisdiction, Citizenship and Human Rights and to the Research Project of Prof. Dr. Marília Montenegro Pessoa de Mello, entitled “From the Special Criminal Court to the Maria da Penha Law : the expansion of Criminal Law in domestic violence against women in Brazil”.
Inovações tecnológicas e acesso à justiça contemporâneo: estudo exploratório da crescente adesão à inteligência artificial pelo Judiciário e seus impactos nas múltiplas dimensões do acesso à justiça.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-03-28) Pessoa, Bárbara Félix Vieira; Teixeira, Sergio Torres; Pimentel, Alexandre Freire; Galindo, Antonella Bruna Machado Torres
This study aims to analyze the multiple dimensions of access to justice that are directly affected by the adoption of technological tools in the contemporary judiciary, a process accelerated by the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Brazilian judiciary has been quick to embrace innovations to modernize the handling of legal proceedings, such as conducting remote hearings and telepresence sessions, in addition to the sharp expansion of artificial intelligence systems to manage and execute procedural tasks. However, the judiciary still faces multiple challenges that hinder the true social inclusion of citizens. This research seeks to address the issue directly: with the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence tools in the procedural system, is there truly access to justice for citizens? It is essential to determine whether, despite the evident obstacles that emerged after the pandemic, these tools incorporated into the Brazilian procedural system are sufficient to provide accessibility to judicial bodies in a way that adequately meets citizens' needs. Only by recognizing this scenario will it be possible to fully explore the potential of the existing tools. The proposed research will discuss the instrumental richness of the Brazilian judicial process model while contrasting it with the marked reluctance of legal practitioners to fully utilize the possibilities offered by these tools. The study will first examine the general experience of the judiciary and then analyze the local application of these principles through an assessment of the experience of the Pernambuco Court of Justice (TJPE). The analysis will be guided by a critical perspective on the efficiency of intelligent instruments, aiming to determine whether these tools can enhance the effectiveness of judicial protection and how their contribution can be expanded to better realize the ideal of access to justice.
Big data jurisdicional: o uso de inteligência artificial para apoiar soluções de casos judiciais no processo eletrônico e o problema da vulneração da privacidade e dos dados pessoais dos jurisdicionados.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-05-02) Holanda, Irving William Chaves; Pimentel, Alexandre Freire; Pereira, Mateus Costa; Santos, Gustavo Ferreira; Lima Neto, Fernando Buarque de
This dissertation explores the fundamental aspects of technology related to the legal context, which requires a primary study on the disruptive evolution of procedural law with the adoption of the electronic process and a discussion about the creation of virtual legal assistants. Later, the instruction addresses the essential human rights that should guide the development of virtual justice. A short approach is made on the topic of digital inclusion, intending to distinguish between vulnerable groups and cyber-excluded individuals. In a third stage, this study focuses on the emergence of a theory of digital jurisdiction. The planned topics include the reformulation of the classic concept of jurisdiction, based on the deterritorialization of justice and an emphasis on the ubiquity paradigm. Examples of the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial field in different countries around the world are presented. In the fourth chapter, concepts related to jurisdictional big data are explored. An analysis is carried out on the application of blockchain technology to ensure security in processes managed by AI, the role of programming codes in the development of computational intelligence, as well as a focus on the integration of artificial intelligence in the management of jurisdictional big data. It is also discussed about the use of helpful technologies for the electronic process, such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Data Mining, Process Mining, jurimetrics and artificial neural networks (ANN). A glimpse into artificial superintelligence and the use of AI systems to improve information governance is provided. Finally, the study focuses on the sensitive issues of application of AI by the judge courts, when the challenge of data protection in the big data era is addressed. Concepts such as the Orwell effect and panopticism in the digital age are brought up, and it is highlighted the concern to guarantee the fundamental right to privacy of personal data. On this occasion, this work makes a punctual parallel with the Matrix movie, and also provides brief analysis on the application of the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (and the Brazilian National Council of Justice Resolutions, nos. 331/2020 and 363/2021) on the protection of data used by AI systems within the scope of the Judiciary. In conclusion, the study reveals the need to carry out audits on the jurisdictional big data bank, as well as addressing the issue of civil liability in cases of infringement of the right to privacy due to the use of artificial intelligence in procedural acts.
A Imparcialidade Opaca: testando empiricamente a (in)existência de vieses cognitivos nos acórdãos do Tribunal Regional Federal da 5ª Região.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-03-26) Lustosa, João Paulo Pessôa Pereira; Gouveia, Lucio Grassi de; Gomes Neto, José Mário Wanderley; Costa, Eduardo José da Fonseca; Abreu, Rogério Roberto Gonçalves de
What cognitive biases can influence the judges of the Federal Regional Court of the 5th Region (TRF5) in decision-making processes? This research seeks to empirically test the (non)existence of cognitive bias in the judgment of civil appeals, judged by the panels of TRF5 in 2023, hypothesizing that the judges of the researched court are likely influenced by anchoring, status quo, and group biases in their cognitive decision-making process. The study's relevance arises from potential influence of heuristic errors on the judicial activity, which could obscure the impartiality of the judges from the court responsible for federal justice in six Northeastern states (AL, CE, PB, PE, RN, and SE). These impacts could be mitigated or better understood based on the results of this investigation, also allowing for application in other courts across the country. The methodology employed is empirical-quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory. Initially, a literature review on civil appeals and the jurisdiction of TRF5 panels will be conducted, followed by an in-depth study on cognitive bias. Subsequently, a dataset of rulings issued in civil appeals judged by TRF5 panels in 2023 will be collected, classified, and statistically analyzed using logistic regression (logit) to examine the correlation between different variables, aiming to diagnose the interplay of influences among them. In the end, secondary hypothesis 1 (the Reporting Judge tends to uphold the appealed decision) presents a statistically significant constant; secondary hypothesis 3 (judgments tend to favor the public entity) was confirmed; whereas secondary hypothesis 5 (appeals in cases involving high claim amounts tend to be denied) was statistically rejected, paving the way for the development of de-biasing algorithms.
Entre fronteiras abandonadas e o acolhimento: critérios utilizados pelo Conare para reconhecimento da situação de grave e generalizada violação de direitos humanos.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2025-02-11) Costa, Lívia Afonso de Albuquerque; Pedroso, Vanessa Alexsandra de Melo; Costa, Arthur Magalhães; Sarinho, Felipe
This dissertation investigates the criteria employed by the National Committee for Refugees (Conare) to determine the existence of situations of gross and massive human rights violations for the purpose of recognizing refugee status, pursuant to item III of article 1 of Law No. 9474/97. This analysis is based on a qualitative examination of Technical Notes Nos. 03/2019, 03/2020, 19/2020, 26/2020, 01/2021, and 02/2021, through which Conare acknowledged such violations in Venezuela, Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, the Republic of Mali, and Burkina Faso. This inquiry arises because the law lacks minimal elements concerning the criteria for inclusion within the extended concept of refugee that it establishes. According to data from the Refúgio em Números reports by OBMigra, over the past decade, the rationale most frequently utilized by Conare has been the recognition of situations involving gross and massive human rights violations. Considering the absence of legal delineation regarding the content of this expression, the research problem aims to comprehend and elucidate the criteria utilized by Conare for recognizing refugee status based on the expanded concept adopted by Brazil. To this end, the research is structured into three phases, corresponding to specific objectives and chapters. Initially, the classical concept of a refugee is examined considering the 1951 Convention; followed by the expanded concepts established by the Organization of African Unity and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration; and finally, Brazil's incorporation of the expanded concept through Law No. 9474/1997. Subsequently, the analytical technique employed by Conare in processing asylum applications is explicated. Lastly, a qualitative analysis of the technical notes is conducted to identify and highlight the criteria used by the agency for recognizing refugee status based on the extended concept. The methodology employed consists of a basic literature review and documentary analysis, aiming, through qualitative analysis, to apply a verification procedure for elements that may evidence Conare's stance in filling the gap concerning the legal definition. In conclusion, it is established that Conare examines the criteria outlined in the Cartagena Declaration (generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violation of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order) to determine the existence of gross and massive human rights violations. However, this recognition does not require the presence of all the evaluated criteria. Additionally, it is concluded that there is no specific regulation guiding the circumstances under which the agency should conduct such an examination to permit prima facie recognition of refugee status or to conduct studies on the country of origin. This lack of regulation may contribute to the political or instrumental use of the institution, and a lack of transparency is observed regarding the selection criteria for grouped assessments of refugee applications. Finally, this study aims to contribute to the implementation of SDG 16 of the 2030 Agenda within Brazilian refugee policy.
Entre forma e prática criminal no campo jurídico: trocas simbólicas e nulidades processuais penais na primeira década de vigência do Código de Processo Penal (1942-1951).
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2022-06-30) Castro, Helena Rocha Coutinho de; Valença, Manuela Abath; Mello, Marília Montenegro Pessoa de; Rosenblatt, Fernanda Fonseca; Batista, Gustavo Barbosa de Mesquita; Santos, Hugo Leonardo Rodrigues; Budó, Marília de Nardin; Araújo, Marcelo Labanca Corrêa de
This study aims to detail the functioning of the criminal justice system during the first ten years (1941-1952) of the Criminal Procedure Code, focusing on the application of the theory of nullities in criminal proceedings within the legal field. The focus on nullities was chosen as a key aspect for analyzing the significance of criminal procedure within the discipline, as nullities are a consequence of disregarding the legally established form. To achieve this, Pierre Bourdieu's theory on the functioning of social fields was used as a reference. The methodology for analyzing historical sources followed micro-historical approaches, including detailed descriptions of sources, contextual identification, and recognizing the voices present in the documents. The research body comprised criminal procedure manuals published from 1942 and Supreme Federal Court rulings on nullities from 1941 to 1952, totaling 143 selected decisions. The analysis of the doctrine revealed the importance of foreign references in validating the circulating theses. It was noted that the authors considered nullities as a significant obstacle to the proper functioning of the process, recommending their handling with the utmost caution. Pure formalism, without considering its social function, was viewed as an outdated application of legal rules. Conversely, criminal procedure was seen by scholars as a means of crime prevention and societal protection. Regarding the Supreme Federal Court Justices, it was observed that the primary characteristic of the flow of nullities was the non-recognition and maintenance of convictions; political shifts between authoritarianism and democracy did not alter this trend. The primary argument for nullities was the constitutional remedy of habeas corpus. The crimes reaching the Court were everyday offenses within the criminal justice system, notably more serious ones that necessitated formal proceedings following arrest. This indicates that most arrests for investigation and minor offenses at the time did not reach the Court's examination, not even through habeas corpus. In conclusion, the main characteristic of the criminal justice system during the studied period is its ability to absorb procedural violations and uphold arbitrary detentions. These outcomes were produced through the legal logic of emphasizing the scientific nature of its actions, regardless of the historical and political context. The strategy adopted was to silence the everyday occurrences in the justice system or justify the disregard for legal form based on the principle of harm.
Cidades inteligentes e proteção de dados: uma análise do caso da cidade do recife para otimização do marco regulatório atual.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-11-12) Cavalcanti Neto, Gabriel de Oliveira; Pimentel, Alexandre Freire; Teixeira, João Paulo Allain; Nóbrega, Theresa Christine de Albuquerque; Moreira, Diogo Rais Rodrigues
The concept of smart city is related to the existence of information and communication technology systems for the development of innovative actions and the creation of new cities. However, the phenomenon has implications in the legal field that have not been properly analyzed to date, such as privacy and data protection. Given this, the dissertation analyzes whether the LGPD is capable of controlling possible threats to personal privacy in smart cities, as well as data processing in the city of Recife. To this end, the study seeks legislation pertinent to public policies and data protection in the city of Recife, carrying out a multi/transdisciplinary systematic review on the topic of smart cities, in order to point out possible ways to improve citizens' data protection due to of privacy threats caused by smart cities. Methodologically, this is a single case study in the city of Recife-PE, qualitative in nature, with data collected through documentary and bibliographic research. Legal documents that contribute to smart governance public policies in Recife-PE, experiences involving actors and practices in the city and how Information Management guarantees the protection of citizens' data are analyzed.
Federalismo e autonomia municipal: análise da estruturação dos poderes na Lei Orgânica de Vitória de Santo Antão.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-05-02) Silva, Bruna Stephanny Morais de Oliveira; Araújo, Marcelo Labanca Corrêa de; Santos, Gustavo Ferreira; Liziero, Leonam Baesso da Silva; Sgarbossa, Luís Fernando
The scope of this work is to analyze the consonance of the provisions provided for in title III of the Organic Law of the Municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão, which deals with the organization of powers, with the Federal Constitution. It is known that the 1988 Federal Constitution provides in its art. 29 that the municipality will be governed by the Organic Law, which must comply with the principles established in the Federal Constitution and the State Constitution. By not mentioning exactly what these principles are, the Federal Supreme Court is often left with the responsibility of defining the limits of subnational entities. To better understand which devices are mandatory, the work will seek to deepen this. To this end, a bibliographical review will be carried out on central federal and national standards; sensitive principles, preordination norms, specific principles and extensible principles.
O movimento de protesto por moradia no Brasil: observando comunicações sistêmicas.
(Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2024-09-23) Oliveira, Flávia Roberta de Gusmão; Silva, Artur Stamford da; Teixeira, João Paulo Allain; Leite, Glauco Salomão; Santos, Gustavo Ferreira; Nascimento, Luciano; Gómes, Anahí Veronica Josefina Urquiza
The protest movement for housing, in particular those related to the Zero Desire Campaign, was the object of analysis in this research, which begins with the presentation of the categories of Niklas Luhmann's systems theory. To observe the communications that gave rise to the aforementioned campaign, political and legal statements about the object of the research were collected on the internet. Political communications were collected from news that dealt with the subject, as well as relevant legislative proposals, collected from websites of the legislative assemblies of all Brazilian states, as well as the legislative chamber of the Federal District (DF), in addition to the Senate website Federal and the Chamber of Deputies. The sample universe was the debates around the bills on the topic in the states and the DF and Bill 827/2020, which was approved and became Law No. 14.216/2021. The documents analyzed were reports, opinions, minutes, proposed amendments, vetoes, thematic debates, all available in written form and in videos. The legal communications were the documents of Action for Non-Compliance with Fundamental Precepts (ADPF) No. 828, judged by the Federal Supreme Court. By focusing on organizations that demand better housing conditions, it was identified that the exclusionary scenario of the Brazilian housing deficit is characterized by the peripheralization of the poor classes, real estate speculation and the lack of an inclusive housing policy. The Zero Eviction Campaign, organized during the coranavirus pandemic period, used legal devices to suspend eviction actions from irregular occupations, making it possible for people to be evicted during the pandemic period. The “stay at home” guidance, as a means of avoiding Covid-19 contagion, was a central argument. Data analysis was guided by the circular reflective methodology, which allowed a departure from the epistemological bias of causal linearity, allowing, using the theory of differentiation, to select the marked and unmarked side of the communications object of the research. In view of this, an intensification of communications related to the fight for housing was observed, in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, due to the actions of social movements, in particular with the actions of the Zero Evictions Campaign. The housing struggle movements were treated as protest movements, in the Luhmannian sense, therefore, as an autonomous and autopoietic social system. As a social system, it experiences interpenetration with other social systems, which led us to focus on the repercussions between the housing protest movement and the political and legal systems. With the research, we observed that the recursion of communications led to the delineation of a a broader sense of the right to housing and aligned with the perspective of the social function of property, which had been recognized since the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988, but which is often questioned in name of legal security and the right to property. Such a change in meaning can be observed in the political sphere, with the approval of laws on the subject in several states and in the Federal District, in addition to the approval of federal law 14.216/2021, and in the legal sphere the decisions surrounding ADPF nº 828 also demonstrated the repercussions of housing protest movements on the construction of law. We also observed that this change in meaning was not restricted to the pandemic period, since then developments on the topic were observed, such as the need to humanize evictions that we emphasized in our resear.

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